C-304/8961989C03040008.000222921230716OPINION OF MR DARMON — CASE C-304/89OLIVEIRA v COMMISSION<TI><P><HT TYPE="UC">Opinion of Mr Advocate General Darmon</HT></P><P>delivered on <DATE ISO="19910305">5 March 1991</DATE><NOTE NOTE.ID="E0001" NUMBERING="STAR"><P>Original language: French.</P></NOTE></P></TI>

Mr President,

Members of the Court,

1.The action brought by the Portuguese company Estabelecimentos Isodoro M. Oliveira (hereinafter referred to as Oliveira) is for the annulment of two decisions of the Commission of 27 June 1989 holding certain expenditure amounting to ESC 63450244 and ESC 23713486, in the framework of the implementation of Projects No 870708/P1 and No 8707O8/P3 of the European Social Fund, to be ineligible.2.This application, similar in many respects to that of the company Interhotel in Case C-291/89, also has as its source the intervention of the European Social Fund established by Article 123 of the EEC Treaty. With regard to the tasks of the Fund and the procedure to be followed in order to obtain assistance, I refer to the observations which I have set out in that case on the relevant provisions of Council Decision 83/516/EEC of 17 October 1983 and of Regulation (EEC) No 2950/83 adopted on the same day by the Council for the application of that decision (hereinafter referred to as the regulation).

Paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Opinion delivered today in Case C-291/89 [1991] ECR I-2257, I-2264.

3.I shall now outline the progress of Oliveira's application.4.Oliveira had applied to the Department for the Affairs of the European Social Fund (hereinafter the Department), the national authority responsible for dealing with the Fund, established in Lisbon, which, in the name of the Portuguese Republic and on behalf of that company, drafted two applications for Fund assistance for the year 1987: one for the training of persons aged under 25 years, the other for the training of persons aged 25 years (hereinafter referred to as young people and adults). The project in respect of young people was approved by a decision of the Commission of 30 Aprii 1987

Annex IV to the defence.

 with a slight reduction due to a decrease in the number of trainees. The project relating to adults was only partially approved, part of the expenditure being refused.

Ibitiem.

 The amounts approved were notified to Oliveira.

Documents Nos 1 and 2 of the group of Annex II to the application.

5.Subsequently, by means of a circular dated 8 June 1987 sent to all the undertakings affected,

Annex V to the defence and Annex I to the reply.

 the Department let it be known that the Commission intended to reduce the periods of practical training for persons under the age of 25 years in such a way that their duration would not exceed that of theoretical instruction.6.Oliveira did not comply with the requirement set out in that circular, claiming that its training courses had already commenced when the document was received. However, following the applicantiis claim for final payment, the Commission took the view that a large proportion of the amounts submitted in the file relating to the training of young people was ineligible on the ground that the rule of equality between the number of practical hours and the number of theoretical hours had not been observed and, in addition, because certain unit costs were inexplicably high. Within the framework of the project concerning the adults, to which the circular did not apply, the Commission identified an amount of expenditure that was ineligible, again on the ground that certain unit costs were inexplicably high.7.In support of its application to the Court the applicant puts forward four pleas in law based, respectively, on infringement of essential procedural requirements, infringement of general principles of law, failure to observe acquired rights and failure to state sufficient reasons.8.In the case of the first plea in law, Oliveira maintains that the contested decisions have infringed Article 6(1) of the regulation which provides that when Fund assistance is not used in conformity with the conditions set out in the decision of approval, the Commission may suspend, reduce or withdraw the assistance, after having given the relevant Member State an opportunity to comment.

Emphasized by Oliveira in paragraph 12 of iu application to the Court.

9.According to Oliveira, that rule requires the Commission to hear the Member State prior to taking the decision, which would enable the Community institution to carry out a detailed examination of the situation.

Reply, paragraphs 6 to 8.

 The Commission observes that that provision does not lay down specific formal procedures for hearing the Member State, but that it is restricted to allowing the latter to express any objections. In the event of a refusal to make the final payment, either in whole or in part, the national authorities may in turn refuse to notify the decision to the undertaking; thereupon a phase of dialogue with the Fund is embarked upon. It is only following this that the decision becomes final by being notified to the promoter.

Defence, paragraphs 19 and 20.

 The Commission adds that in the present case the Portuguese authorities undertook to notify the decision to the promoter and to request the reimbursement of the overpayment.10.It appears, as Mr Advocate General Tesauro points out in his Opinion in Funoc,

Case C-200/89, paragraph 6 of the Opinion.

 that Article 6(1) of the regulation does not lay down a formal consultation procedure. Furthermore, the Court accepted

Judgment in Case C-200/89 fmioc [1990] ECR I-369, paragraph 17.

 in that case that, when the national authorities respond to the sending of a decision reducing or withdrawing assistance and the Commission subsequently takes another decision, an exchange of letters between the Member State and the Commission prior to this final decision takes the place of comment within the meaning of Article 6(1) of the regulation.11.However, it must be pointed out that the Court recognized in its judgment in Funoc that the procedure laid down in Article 6(1) was observed because the exchange of letters between the Commission and the national authorities had taken place before the Commission's decision reducing the assistance which formed the subjectmatter of the action. On the other hand, the Court was not called upon to determine the legality of the first decision notified to the national authorities and withdrawing the assistance, given that this text had been replaced by a more favourable decision reducing the assistance which was challenged and over which the Court exercised its supervisory jurisdiction. The Court was not required, therefore, to rule on the legality of the Commission's practice, described as normal by its representative at the hearing, which consists in sending to the Member State a decision to be notified without first inviting it to submit its comments.12.The argument advanced by the Commission would, if accepted, necessarily give rise to some practical disadvantages. Supposing that a decision reducing assistance were notified to the undertaking and that subsequently the State were to submit its comments to the Commission regarding that decision. The undertaking concerned, aware that the national authorities have raised objections against the first decision, might be tempted to await the Commission's final decision without commencing proceedings for annulment. Should the second decision be identical to the first, an action against it would risk being dismissed as inadmissible in accordance with the decisions of the Court according to which

an action for annulment brought against a decision which is purely confirmatory of a previous decision that was not challenged within the time limit is inadmissible.

See, on this last point, concerning the European Social Fund, the order in Case C-12/90 lnfortec [1990] ECR I-4265, paragraph 10.

That argument is also difficult to reconcile with the Court's case-law which refuses to recognize that the adoption of a position which a Community institution undertakes to reexamine

Judgment in Case 44/81 Federai Republic of Germany v Commission [1982] ECR 1855, paragraphs 8 to 12.

constitutes a decision.

13.In reality, the Commission interprets the silence of the national authorities as acquiescence on their part when they receive the Commission's text in the form of a decision to be notified to the promoter, and not of a draft or provisional decision. Furthermore, they are given no express invitation regarding the possibility of submitting their comments.14.The type of practice followed by the Commission, which its representative, at the hearing, recognized as being the result of a more than broad interpretation of this provision, is, to my mind, contrary both to the letter and to the spirit of Article 6(1) of the regulation, which provides, 1 would remind the Court, that the Commission may suspend, reduce or withdraw the assistance, after having given the relevant Member State an opportunity to comment.

Emphasis added.

 It must therefore be a question of consultation prior to the decision reducing or withdrawing the assistance. The text goes no further: it does not require the Commission to comply with the opinion of the State or to suspend indefinitely its project while waiting to be informed of the position of the national authorities. It is, in fact, possible for the Commission, while observing the rule in Article 6(1) of the regulation, to set a deadline for the Member State so that the procedure begun can be concluded diligently.15.The Commission's representative pointed out at the hearing that if the departments of the Fund had to contact all the Member States before taking a decision, they would be completely paralysed. When I then asked him if the Commission withdrew or reduced assistance on numerous occasions, he replied that such cases should amount to half a dozen in Portugal, which features high on the list of the recipients of Fund assistance.

Sec the Annual Report of lhe Court of Auditors concerning the year 1989 including a comparison over five years (OJ 1989 C 313, p. 76).

 The argument based on statistics does not therefore appear to be well-founded, since consultation with the Member State is only required where the assistance is reduced, suspended or withdrawn.16.Since the obligation imposed by Article 6(1) of the regulation has been infringed, what must now be determined is whether that infringement constitutes an infringement of an essential procedural requirement within the meaning of the first paragraph of Article 173 of the Treaty.17.As the Court pointed out in its judgment in EISS of 15 March 1984,

this procedure [of financial assistance under the Fund] creates a financial relationship between the Commission and the Member State on the one hand and between that Member State and the institution which is the recipient of the financial assistance on the other.

Case 310/81 [1984] ECR 1341, paragraph 15.

The Member State appears not solely as an involuntary intermediary, but also as an authority which, throughout the procedure laid down by the regulation, occupies a central place by virtue of the degree of its involvement and of its responsibilities. Suffice it to point out some of the provisions of that regulation. In the words of Article 5(4), the Member State shall certify the accuracy of the facts and accounts in payment claims

Emphasis added.

submitted by the promoters. Article 6(2) states that sums paid which are not used in accordance with the conditions laid down in the decision of approval shall be refunded and adds that the Member State concerned should have secondary liability for the repayment of sums, unwarranted payment of which was made for operations to which the guarantee referred to in Article 2(2) of Decision 83/516/EEC applies. This last provision provides, precisely, that the relevant Member States shall guarantee the successful completion of the operations except for certain assistance not relevant to the present case.

18.In such a context, the obligation to consult the Member State laid down in Article 6(1), in case of the suspension, reduction or withdrawal of assistance, takes on yet another dimension. It is not necessary to dwell further on the significance of the opinion of the Member State, in the light of the position which it occupies and the responsibility which lies on it.19.Since the Commission has infringed Article 6(1) of Regulation No 2950/83 which lays down essential procedural requirements for the validity of the Commission's decisions suspending, reducing or withdrawing Fund assistance, I invite the Court to declare that the first plea is well-founded and, accordingly, to annul the decisions adopted.20.It is therefore in the alternative that I shall examine the other three pleas.21.I shall look first of all at the fourth plea concerning the failure to state sufficient reasons in the Commission's decisions, which is related also to an infringement of essential procedural requirements.22.The applicant considered in particular

Application, paragraph 19.

 that the expression inexplicably high costs used by the Commission in its final decisions to reduce assistance is abstract, while the reasons which the Commission is obliged to state under Article 190 must, according to the Court's case-law, show clearly and unambiguously the grounds on which the measure is based.

Judgment in Case 1/69 Commission v Italy [1969] ECR 227, paragraph 9.

In its reply,

Paragraph 17.

moreover, the applicant deplored the fact that that certain grounds, which were not mentioned in the contested decisions, only appeared at the stage of the Commissioniis defence.

23.The Commission's response

Defence, p. 12 of the French translation.

 was that the decisions clearly mentioned the amounts of expenditure held to be ineligible and indicated their origin with reference to the headings in the final payment claims; furthermore, a comparison between the amounts shown in the forms of application for assistance and those appearing in the forms of final payment claim showed more precisely the source of the amounts of ineligible expenditure. While admitting that its reasons [did] not err on the side of verbosity,

Rejoinder, paragraph 11.

 it pointed out that they had to be judged on the basis of their context, citing the Court's case-law according to which

the [purpose of the] obligation to state the reasons on which an individual decision is based is to enable the Court to review the legality of the decision and to provide the person concerned with sufficient information to make it possible to ascertain whether the decision is well-founded or whether it is vitiated by a defect which may permit its legality to be contested. The extent of that obligation depends on the nature of the measure in question and on the context in which it was adopted.

Judgment in Case 32/86 SISMA [1987] ECR 1685, paragraph 8, emphasis added.

24.It is true that the Court's case-law

Sec in particular the judgment in Case 185/83 University of Groningen [1984] ECR 3623, paragraph 38.

 has attributed to the obligation to state reasons an invariable purpose, while recognizing that its extent may depend on a number of factors: the wording, the legal framework, the context of the decision. Since these are identical to those which I have identified in the context of the decision reducing assistance which was taken in respect of Interhotel, I refer to my observations in paragraphs 12 to 19 of the Opinion in Case C-291/89 which I have delivered today.25.Taking into account the circumstances surrounding those decisions, it is necessary to determine whether the statement of reason on which they are based enables the persons concerned to become aware of the grounds for the measures taken so that they can defend their rights and the Court can exercise its supervisory jurisdiction.26.In the decision relating to the training of young people, the Commission relies on two grounds: the failure to observe equality between the number of practical hours and the number of theoretical hours, and the presence of inexplicably high unit costs.27.As regards the first ground, it is apparent from the final payment claim

Annex III to lhe defence, p. 2 additional sheet No 2.

 that the applicant did not observe the requirements of the Commission concerning the duration of practical instruction as expressed in Circular No 10/DAFSE/87 since, apart from the course for the training of marketing specialists, the duration of practical training is in all cases considerably longer than that of theoretical training. Consequently, it is possible to assign these excesses to various items of expenditure without its being possible to determine precisely the amount of the sums refused in that respect in the absence of information regarding the percentage of the reduction and the items to which it applies. Thus, we learn from the defence

Pp. 3 to 5 of the French translation.

 that it is necessary to make a reduction of 36% of the amount of the heading Income of trainees, of the amounts of the items Remuneration of staff and charges on remuneration, Equipment and nondurable goods, Other supplies and services by third parties and Consumption of raw materials ... . This being the case, those details do not seem to me to be indispensable, having regard to the fact that this ground enables the persons addressed to be aware of the reasons for the measure within the meaning of the requirement which the Court has laid down.

Case 185/83, reference given in footnote 23.

28.As to the ground found in the files relating to young people and adults regarding unit costs which are inexplicably or abnormally

The adverbs inexplicablement and anormalement are used alternatively in the French language documents in an attempt to translate the Portuguese term injustificadamente which is used in the original decisions refusing the balance (pp. 43 and 45 of the application to the Court).

 high, I must admit that it is rather general. The applicant had inferred therefrom that it was accused of exceeding certain amounts claimed in its original application for assistance, as is witnessed by its attempts to justify the discrepancies in an annex to its application to the Court. The defence reveals that the Commission did wish to penalize such overspending; but it also shows that the Commission accused the applicant of having included identical expenses under several headings, of not having shown that certain expenditure was actually incurred, and of not having reflected the reduction in the length of training in the amounts applied for. Does this complaint enable the various grounds put forward for reducing the amount of eligible expenditure to be grouped together? Although it would have been preferable for each ground to have been expressly formulated, I am of the opinion that they are all connected with the general ground. The existence of identical expenses, and of expenditure which fails to take account of the reduction in the duration of the training (point 14.6 of the final payment claim), gives rise to unjustified costs. Similarly, the lack of documentary proof of certain expenditure which led the Commission to make significant reductions in particular to point 14.3 of the file relating to young people can be identified in the ground put forward, the more so since the national authorities had given the applicant warning of this and, according to them, had carried out an analysis intended to give greater clarity to the final payment claims and to make the expenditure and costs comply with criteria of verisimilitude.

Annex II to the application to the Court, document No 3.

29.Given that the ground alleged appears to me to cover the various grounds relied on which can be identified by comparing the applications, I consider that the Commission has not failed in its obligation to state its reasons and that the fourth plea is not well-founded.30.The applicantiis third plea is based on the infringement of acquired rights. According to the applicant,

Application, paragraph 15.

 the final decisions did not take into consideration the unit costs which had previously been approved. The Commission takes the view,

Defence, paragraph 7.

 on the other hand, that the assistance was reduced because the amounts approved had been exceeded, because expenditure which had not been approved had been included, and because certain expenditure had not been supported by the documentary proof or had been duplicated.31.As I pointed out in my Opinion in Case C-291/89 Interhotel, the Commission, when examining final payment claim, uses the earlier decision of approval as a framework. It may therefore legitimately refuse expenditure which it had not approved as well as expenditure the amounts of which have been increased.32.Thus it appears, in the file relating to the training of young people, that the items Remuneration of non-teaching staff,

Point 14.3.1 b, c, d of the final payment claim, Annex III to the defence, compared with point 15.3 of the original application for assistance, Annex II to the defence.

 Costs of hire and rent

Point 14.3.9 of the final payment claim compared with the corresponding line in point 15.3 of the original application for assistance.

 and Training of teaching staff

Point 14.5 of the final payment claim compared with point 15.5 of the original application for assistance.

 were considerably increased. As for the expenditure relating to taxes and duties,

Point 14.3.13 of the final payment claim: see point 15.3 of the original application for assistance. and that the Commission

 this was not envisaged in the original application for assistance. Furthermore, when it appeared in the final payment claim, the Commission disallowed it, given that, under Portuguese law, stamp duty is not payable in respect of this type of training operation. In the same way, it will be seen in the file relating to the training of adults that the item Recruitment and selection of instructors

Point 14.2.4 of the final payment claim; see point 15.2 of the original application for assistance.

 appears for the first time in the final payment claim. Moreover, the expenditure relating to the expenses for staff concerned in preparation

Point 14.2.6 of the final payment claim.

 had not been approved by the Commission and this has not been disputed by the applicant. The Commission was therefore able to make the necessary adjustments

See defence, paragraph 8.

 without prejudicing acquired rights.33.In my Opinion in the Interhotel case

See in particular paragraphs 35 and 36.

 I maintained that it was, moreover, essential to allow the Commission a margin of discretion at the time of the final examination of the application for assistance which it carries out in the light of the detailed report on the content and results of the operation, enabling it to ascertain that expenditure was actually and necessarily incurred. The Court has stated that it cannot be disputed that

it is only after receiving a detailed report on the relevant operations after they have been carried out that it is possible to calculate the precise amount of the eligible expenditure

has a certain discretion regarding the best way of managing the Fund.

Judgment in Case 84/85 Uniteti Kingdom v Commission [1987] ECR 3765, paragraph 23.

However, I also pointed out

Paragraph 41.

that the Commission should not be allowed, at the final stage, to refuse approved expenditure the necessity of which it had been in a position to assess at the initial stage, provided that it does not exceed the amount agreed by the decision of approval and that necessary documentary proof of expenditure is provided.

34.According to the Commission, certain items of expenditure were not the accompanied by any documentary proof in the final payment claim; these were, in the file relating to the training of young people, expenditure headed Miscellaneous under the item Teaching materials,

Point 14.2.1 of the final payment claim.

 Expenditure on staff, Expenditure for specialized work

Point 14.2.7 of the final payment claim.

 and General administrative expenses,

Point 14.3.14 of the final payment claim.

 for which Oliveira maintained

Annex 6 to the reply, p. 13.

 that the documentary proof was in its archives and remained available. To my mind this argument is inadequate. The Commission was entitled to expect the promoter to supply proof of his expenditure when applying for final payment. The fact that this proof was produced at the stage of the applicantiis reply is of no great consequence: it is not for me to take over the role of the Community administration, but to consider whether, at the time of taking its decision, the Commission was entitled to withdraw part of the assistance. Accordingly, the Commission was justified in refusing Oliveira the assistance relating to those four items, since the proof of that expenditure was not made available to the Commission in good time.35.I have also pointed out that certain expenditure capable of giving rise to confusion in the final payment claim was only clarified in the applicantiis reply in these proceedings. This is so regarding the expenditure relating to Travelling expenses

Point 14.3.5 of the final payment claim.

 which, according to the applicant,

Annex 6 to the reply, p. 14.

 covers the expenses of persons not in receipt of an accommodation allowance, but does not apply to other persons. It must be appreciated, however, that the Commission was not aware of this distinction when it decided on the final payment claims and was entitled to take the view that such expenditure was not justified.36.Similar blunders are to be found in the final payment claim concerning the training of adults: certain expenditure such as that relating to specialized work

Point 14.2.7 of the final payment claim, see defence, paragraph 9, and rejoinder, paragraph 5 e), to be compared with Annex 6, p. 18.

 was not supported by documentary proof; other expenditure, such as that relating to Recruitment and selection of trainees,

Point 14.2.3.

 may, in the absence of sufficient explanation on the part of the undertaking in its final payment claim, misled the Commission

Rejoinder, paragraph 5 d), to be compared with Annex 6 to the reply, p. 18

 which was bound to refuse that expenditure. Thus the Commission could also legitimately refuse this type of expenditure without prejudicing the acquired rights of the applicant.37.However, it appears that the Commission also refused an amount of ESC 19237214 under the head Functioning and management of courses

Point 14.3 of the final payment claim.

 in the file relating to adults because it made an alignment on the hourly costs contained in the file relating to young people.

Defence, paragraph 9, and rejoinder, paragraph 3.

 It calculated an average from overall, unidentifiable figures taken from the heading Functioning and management of courses in the file relating to young people which it modified by means of a coefficient corresponding to the number of hours of training in order to arrive at a overall total of ESC 14296853 for the whole of the equivalent heading in the file relating to adults.

Annex II to defence, additional sheet No 4.

 It thus refused to examine precisely the items under that heading as submitted in the original and final applications.38.That method seems to be particularly open to criticism. The original application, as approved by the Commission, contained individual items of expenditure under that heading, for both the file relating to adults and the file relating to young people. It was for the Commission, in order to respect the rights required by the applicant as a result of the decision of approval, to ascertain, item by item, whether the approved amounts had not been exceeded and that there was adequate documentary proof of expenditure. The Commission was not entitled to employ a general method to make the same reductions in the file relating to adults as those effected in the file relating to young people without establishing that the items in the former file contained the same omissions and irregularities as did those in the latter file.39.A detailed check of the applications appearing in the file relating to adults shows, moreover, that the method adopted by the Commission leads to results which are significantly different.40.In the first place, it will be seen that it is only under the item Teaching staff that Oliveira has made a miscalculation in the summary table

Annex III to defence, p. 2; additional sheet No 7 of the final payment claim.

 in the final payment claim. That table shows hourly costs which do not correspond to those set out in the detailed tables which also appear in the final payment claim.

A total amount of ESC 4161464.15 relating to internal training should be reached, and not of ESC 5982363.69; the error therefore amounts to ESC 1820899.54.

 This error led in turn to an excessive amount of expenses on remuneration.

Point 14.3.2 of the final payment claim, p. 2 separate she No 9 of Annex III to the defence : taking into account the part of the charges (28, 5%), an excess of ESC 518956.36 is to be found in that respect.

 It thus seems to me that the reduction resulting from the miscalculation should not have exceeded ESC 2339856.

ESC 1820899.54 + ESC 518956.36

41.In the second place, it is apparent that certain expenditure under that heading could not be regarded, as it was in the file relating to young people, as ineligible. Thus the amount of ESC 4424345.60

The amount agreed at the time of approval being that submitted under point 15.3 of the initial application, line relating to secretariat and management, namely ESC 1920000 (80000 x 2 x 12); since the amounts finally applied for amounted to ESC 6344345.60 the excess thus amounts to ESC 4424345.60.

 for exceeding sums approved concerning the expenses related to non-teaching staff, as well as that of ESC 1260938.40 for corresponding expenses, could be refused. The expenditure relating to travel expenses

Point 14.3.5 of the final payment claim.

 amounting to ESC 422311.10 could have been considered as unjustified,

Se paragraph 35 of this Opinion concerning the file relating to young people.

 as could the expenditure relating to Specialized work

Point 14.3.8 of the final payment claim; see paragraph 44 of this Opinion concerning the file relating to young people.

 amounting to ESC 4015267. Similarly, the amount corresponding to Costs of hire and rent

Point 14.3.9 of the final payment claim.

 could also have been held to be excessive in relation to that in the initial application.

30000 x 10 (weeks) x 110% (fees) - 3300000.

 Accordingly, the Commission was entitled to refuse the excess amount noted, namely ESC 561598. Similarly, it was possible for it to disallow the expenditure relating to the item Taxes and duties

Point 14.3.13 of the final payment claim; see paragraph 32 of this Opinion concerning the file relaüng to young people.

 amounting to ESC 239705, since this expenditure does not appear in the initial application and since, moreover, stamp duty is not payable for this type of training measure under Portuguese law. Finally, the Commission was entitled to take the view that the general administrative expenses,

Point 14.3.14 of the final payment claim; see paragraph 34 of this Opinion concerning the file relating to young people.

 amounting to ESC 512033, were not justified.42.All in all, it appears, after an examination of each item under that heading, that the Commission could refuse expenditure totalling ESC 137756054. On the other hand, it was not entitled to employ a general method of reduction which was not appropriate for this type of application and which led to the refusal of an amount of ESC 19237214, which seems to be excessive. The Commission has thus prejudiced the acquired rights of the applicant by withholding an additional sum of ESC 5461160

19237214-13776054.

 under the heading Functioning and management of courses.43.Furthermore, in the two files relating to young people and adults, the Commission took the view that the amount of the expenditure relating to the preparation and translation of manuals

Point 14.2.1 of the final payment claim.

 was included in the cost of the preparation of the courses, duplication of documents and specialized work

Annex I to the defence, p. 1 of the file relating to young people; see also the file relating to adults, same references.

 and, consequently, rejected the expenditure relating thereto in the file relating to young people and the expenditure relating to teaching materials in the file relating to adults. My objection to these refusals is twofold. On the one hand, it does not seem to me that it is possible to claim that there was any overlapping with the expenditure relating to the specialized work, which was already refused for lack of documentary proof.

Paragraphs 34 and 36 of this Opinion.

 On the other hand, I fail to understand how there was overlapping between the preparation and translation of manuals and the costs of duplicating documents. The initial applications for assistance already distinguished between

Point 15.2 of the original applications for assistance.

 the teaching materials and the duplication of the manuals. It thus seems apparent that the expenditure relating to the preparation and translation of the manuals was part of the heading Teaching materials and was already distinct from that relating to the duplication of the manuals. Indeed, the Commission should have noted that Oliveira distinguished, in its final payment claims, between the items Preparation and translation of manuals and Costs of preparation of courses under the heading Teaching materials, without having exceeded the amount originally approved.

Of ESC 8100000.

 I am consequently of the opinion that by proceeding in this manner the Commission infringed the rights acquired by the applicant in this respect.44.Over and above those refusals consequent upon the exceeding of approved amounts, the lack of sufficient documentary proof and the submission of certain expenditure without adequate explanation, the Commission refused to take into account other expenditure which it judged unnecessary for the successful conduct of the operation. It thus appears, in the file relating to the training of young people, that the expenditure under Budgetary management and control and that relating to Specialized work

Points 14.3.7 and 14.3.8 of the final payment claim.

 under the heading Functioning and management of courses were refused for that reason, the Commission having taken the view

Reply to defence, paragraph 5.

 that those operations were endowed with their own secretariat and with special teaching staff. It states that it was aware of numerous receipts coming under Specialized work for typing work which was in fact the responsibility of the secretariat. Accordingly, the Commission was entitled to refuse that expenditure where it was actually in a position to know what was covered by that specialized work, the more so since that expenditure was not expressly submitted in the original application for assistance.45.With regard to Budgetary management and control, on the other hand, Oliveira had sought in its original application

Point 15.3 of the original application for assistance.

 assistance relating to the following matters: Management and financial control of the project, preparation of budgets and system for document distribution and filing, archiving of documents connected with the training operations, drawing-up of monthly accounts ... . These specifications were adequate and it was for the Commission to determine, if necessary, at the time of examining the original application for assistance that that work could be carried out by the secretariat and that it was thus unnecessary to approve the corresponding expenditure. Since the latter was approved,

Annex IV to the defence.

 the undertaking was entitled to take it as accepted. Consequently, the refusal of expenditure relating to the item Budgetary management and control amounting to ESC 1900080 seems, to my mind, to be contrary to the rights acquired by the applicant.46.Moreover, the Commission refused certain expenditure because of the reduction in the duration of training. It is important here to distinguish clearly between the two training operations. With regard to the file relating to young people, the matter will be examined in paragraph 48 et seq below at the same time as the fourth plea, which specifically raises that issue, is considered. With regard to the file relating to adults, the Commission has observed that Oliveira indicated

Defence, Annex III, p. 2 additional sheet No 2.

 a reduction of 63, 74% in the number of trainees as compared with that indicated in the original application for assistance. The number entered in the final payment claim

Defence, Annex III, p. 2 additional sheet No 1.

 was 95 whereas it stood at 262 in the original application.

Defence, Annex II. p. 5.

 Accordingly, the Commission was entitled to reduce by approximately 50% the amount approved in the original application for the training of teaching staff

Point 14.5 of the final payment claim, defence, paragraph 9.

 which, it seems, was no longer entirely necessary. Similarly, the Commission reduced the amount relating to normal depreciation

Point 14.6. of the final payment claim.

 by taking account only of the actual period of training declared in the final payment claim.

Final payment claim, p. 2 additional sheet No 1 ; defence, p. 7 of the French translation, and rejoinder, paragraph 5(0-

 Accordingly, these two reductions seem to me to be justified.47.It therefore seems to me that the plea relating to the infringement of acquired rights must be upheld in part in so far as the Commission refuses, on the one hand, in the file relating to the training of young people, expenditure relating to the preparation and translation of manuals as well as to administration and budgetary control for sums amounting respectively to ESC 2247308 and ESC 1900080, and on the other hand, in the file relating to the training of adults, expenditure relating to teaching materials amounting to 1637612 in addition to amounts totalling ESC 5461160 under the heading Functioning and management of courses.48.Finally, Oliveira relies, on the basis of the second plea, on infringement of general principles of law, in particular those of legal certainty, the non-retroactivity of administrative measures, the respect for acquired rights and the protection of legitimate expectations inasmuch as the contested decisions apply a posteriori a rule relating to equality between the number of hours of theoretical training and the number of hours of practical training

Application, paragraph 14.

 which was not mentioned in the decision of approval. It even declares

Application, paragraph 23.

 that this requirement was formulated only at the time of the final payment, after all the expenditure had been incurred. It acknowledges

Application, paragraph 25.

 that it received the circular dated 8 June 1987 on 25 June 1987, that is six days after the commencement of the training operations, but states that it considered

Reply, paragraphs 24 and 26.

 at the time that the circular did not apply to it.49.The Commission emphasizes

Rejoinder, paragraph 22.

 that the requirement that the period of theoretical training and the period of practical training be of equal duration, while it was decided upon after the application for assistance had been approved, was communicated by means of a circular from the Department at a time when it was quite possible to alter the period of practical training as, moreover, the other promoters had done. It adds that it would have subscribed to the applicant's argument if that requirement had been formulated after the completion of the training operations. Finally, it emphasizes

Reply, paragraph 16.

 that the text of the circular was sufficiently explicit.50.One preliminary point must be made: this requirement, as the circular of the Department clearly emphasized,

Reply, Annex I.

 was concerned only with the training of young people. It required the Commission, when examining the final payment claim submitted by Oliveira, to make substantial reductions.

Reduction by 36% in points 14.1, 14.3.1, 14.3.10, 14.3.11, 14.3.12 and 14.6 or the final payment claim.

 Since the extent of those reductions is not disputed, it is necessary to determine whether or not Oliveira was right not to take account of the requirements contained in the circular but to rely solely on the decision of approval.51.It appears, on the one hand, the applicant could not reasonably take the view that this circular did not concern it. It was not following any publication of the circular that the applicant became aware of it; but after the circular was notified to the applicant. Moreover, the terms used in that document could hardly give rise to ambiguity. The circular from the Department states that organizations in receipt of assistance will be required to comply with the new position taken by the Commission, and this position is obvious from the text which is reproduced.52.On the other hand, it seems to be indisputable that the applicant could alter the period of practical training at a time when the training operations had just commenced. Since the training of young people was spread over 26 weeks,

Final payment claim, p. 2 additional sheet No 1.

 as was confirmed by the representative of Oliveira at the hearing, it must have been possible for the latter, two weeks after the commencement of the operations, to carry out the prescribed alignment.53.Thus, since the text of the circular appears to be sufficiently binding for Oliveira to comply with it in good time, I am of the opinion that the decisions at issue have not infringed the general principles of law listed above. Accordingly, this plea must fail.54.In the light of the foregoing observations, I propose that the Court should:

(1)annul the Commission's decisions of 27 June 1989 concerning Projects Nos

870708/P1 and 870708/P3 of the European Social Fund:

order the Commission to pay the costs;

(2)in the alternative :

annul in part the Commission's decision of 27 June 1989 concerning Project No 870708/P1 of the Fund in so far as it refuses assistance relating to the preparation and translation of manuals and to management and budgetary control in respect of sums amounting respectively to ESC 2247308 and ESC 1900080;

annul in part the Commission's decision of 27 June 1989 concerning Project No 870708/P3 of the Fund be annulled in so far as it refuses assistance relating to teaching materials and to the functioning and management of courses in respect of sums amounting to ESC 1637612 and ESC 5461160 respectively;

order the parties to bear their own costs.

<TI><P>Annex I</P></TI><STI><P>File relating to <QUOT.START ID="QS0099" REF.END="QE0099" CODE="2018"/>young people<QUOT.END ID="QE0099" REF.START="QS0099" CODE="2019"/> No 870708/P1</P></STI>Headings of expenditure in final payment claimSubject of expenditureAmount refusedReasons given14.1Incomes of trainees9528606Alignment of duration of practical courses on that of theoretical courses14.2Preparation of courses1.Preparation and translation of manuals2247308Amount already included in the cost of course preparation and in sub-items 14.2.4 and 14.2.7Miscellaneous280100Lack of documentary proof6.Staff expenses63967Lack of documentary proof7.Specialized work247322Lack of documentary proof14.3Functioning and management of courses1.Teaching staff3380450Alignment of duration of practical courses on that of theoretical coursesNon-teaching staff12423942Increase in number of staff as compared with application2.Charges on remuneration3816811Reductions proportionate to amounts held to be eligible5.Travel expenses885791Unjustified expenditure, external staff having received a lodging allowance7.Management and budgetary control1900080Expenditure held to be unnecessary for the proper conduct of the operations8.Specialized work8377453Expenditure held to be unnecessary for the proper conduct of the operations9.Costs of hire and rent3696047Excess over amounts applied for10, 11, 12.Equipment and nondurable goods, other supplies and services by third parties, consumption of raw materials and others6078366Reduction in proportion to alignment of duration of practical courses on that of theoretical courses13.Taxes and duties529705Expenditure not justified, stamp duty not being payable in this context14.General administrative fees1072824Lack of documentary proof14.5Training of teaching staff4276914Excessive in relation to expenditure envisaged14.6Normal depreciation4712799

Reduction in proportion to alignment of duration of practical courses on that of theoretical courses

Ineligibility of certain items

<TI><P>Annex II</P></TI><STI><P>File relating to <QUOT.START ID="QS0100" REF.END="QE0100" CODE="2018"/>adults<QUOT.END ID="QE0100" REF.START="QS0100" CODE="2019"/> No 870708/P3</P></STI>Headings of expenditure in final payment daimSubject of expenditureAmount refusedReasons given14.2Preparation of courses1.Teaching materials1637612Amount already included in Cost of preparation of courses and in sub-items 14.2.4 and 14.2.73.Recruitment and selection of trainees492448Expenditure unjustified, the trainees being employees of the undertaking4.Recruitment and selection of instructors141520Expenditure not provided for in original application for assistance6.Costs of staff involved in preparation30533Expenditure not approved7.Specialized work118052Lack of documentary proof of certain subdivisions14.3Functioning and management of courses19237214Alignment on hourly costs in file relating to young people14.5Training of teaching staff1400925Reduction taking account of reduction in number of trainees14.6Normal depreciation1216772Reduction taking account of actual weeks of training