EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Brussels, 5.7.2023
SWD(2023) 417 final
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
ANNEXES
Accompanying the proposal for a
Directive of the european Parliament and of the Council
on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law)
{COM(2023) 416 final} - {SEC(2023) 416 final} - {SWD(2023) 416 final} - {SWD(2023) 418 final} - {SWD(2023) 423 final}
ANNEX 12: Country fiches on soil health issues
Table of Contents
Background to the maps
AT
BE
BG
CZ
DE
DK
EE
EL
ES
FI
FR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
NL
PL
PT
RO
SE
SI
SK
Background to the maps
The estimated range of 60-70% of soil degradation expresses the uncertainty of the problem at EU level: this is due to a partial lack of representative data, for example on soil compaction and on soil contamination, lack of thorough monitoring and harmonized definitions, as well as the different situation of soil conditions across the EU. On the other hand, the uncertainty level is mitigated by modelling and case studies, decades of soil science and confirmation from different sources. In this context, the situation of soil degradation at EU level can be seen in graphic detail in the EU Soil Health Dashboard published by the JRC under the EU Soil Observatory. The map shows where scientific evidence converges to indicate areas that are likely to be affected by soil degradation processes and is updated as scientific evidence becomes available. The sources of the data as well as the limitations are described therein.
The following country fiches provide the best available information on soil health issues at Member States level.
The data available, however, identify only the aspects that could be quantified per Member State based on the information available. Quantification is available only for some land uses (namely cropland or agricultural land) or for limited elements of soil degradation (e.g. only copper and mercury concentration for soil contamination; concerning salinization, only areas equipped for irrigation). The fiches provide therefore only an order of magnitude of the distribution of soil health issues in Member States. It is therefore possible to anticipate a provisional distributional impact among Member State, showing which Member States would be likely to have to make more of an effort than others to achieve objectives of healthy soils for each type of soil degradation for which quantification at Member State level are available. The fiches consider soil “unhealthy” when one or more descriptors in table 1-2 are beyond the thresholds defined in table 1-2
Maps elaborated by JRC EU Soil Observatory (24/03/2023)
Table 1‑2 Descriptors, thresholds and sources of data.
|
Problem area/ indicator |
% degraded areas |
Target area or land use |
Threshold description (units) |
Threshold reference source |
Links |
|
Soil Erosion (Water, wind, tillage, crop) |
54% |
Cropland |
Soil erosion rates above 2 ton ha-1 y-1 |
Panagos et al. (2020)
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12091365
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon |
53% |
Cropland and Grassland
|
Mineral soils below 1000 m a.s.l. that have soil organic carbon content that is more than 60 % different from the potential maximum |
De Rosa et al. (2023),
|
- |
|
Soil compaction susceptibility |
8% |
all area EU |
High susceptibility to compaction (class) |
Houšková and Montanarella (2008) |
https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/natural-susceptibility-soil-compaction-europe |
|
Copper |
2% |
all area EU |
Copper concentrations above 50 mg Kg-1 |
Ballabio et al (2018) |
|
|
Mercury |
1% |
all area EU |
Mercury concentrations above 200 µg Kg-1 |
Ballabio et al (2021) |
|
|
N excess |
23% |
Agricultural land (CORINE) |
Nitrogen surplus above 50 Kg ha-1 |
Integrated Nutrient Management Action Plan
|
In process in Pubsy |
|
P excess |
10% |
Agricultural land (CORINE) |
Phosphorous concentrations above 50 mg Kg-1 |
Ballabio et al. (2019) |
|
|
Peatland degradation (loss organic soils) |
30% |
Peatlands |
Peatland areas under hotspots of agriculture |
UNEP (2022) |
https://www.unep.org/resources/global-peatlands-assessment-2022 |
|
Salinization |
7% |
Mediterranean biogeographical region |
Areas with at least 30% equipped for irrigation (-) |
Siebert et al. (2013) |
https://www.fao.org/aquastat/ru/geospatial-information/global-maps-irrigated-areas/latest-version/ |
|
Soil sealing |
1% |
all area EU |
Areas above 50% imperviousness
|
EEA Impervious Built-up (IBU) 2018 |
AT
|
State of soils in Austria |
|
|
|
26% area unhealthy |
|
Unsustainable soil erosion (water, wind, tillage, harvest) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Austria |
|
|
|
68% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
10% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Austria |
|
|
|
47% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
9% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Austria |
|
|
|
4% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Austria |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Austria |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Austria |
|
|
|
4% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Austria |
|
|
|
2% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Austria |
|
|
|
5% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Austria |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Austria |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
BE
|
State of soils in in Belgium |
|
|
|
56% area unhealthy |
|
P excess is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Belgium |
|
|
|
63% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
17% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Belgium |
|
|
|
46% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
15% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Belgium |
|
|
|
11% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Belgium |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Belgium |
|
|
|
2% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Belgium |
|
|
|
69% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
35% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Belgium |
|
|
|
58% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
36% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Belgium |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Belgium |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Belgium |
|
|
|
6% of national territory |
BG
|
State of soils in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
43% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
71% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
26% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
84% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
31% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
7% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
0% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
5% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
0% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Bulgaria |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
CZ
|
State of soils in Czechia |
|
|
|
44% area unhealthy |
|
Unsustainable soil erosion (water, wind, tillage, harvest) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Czechia |
|
|
|
64% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
26% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Czechia |
|
|
|
52% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
22% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Czechia |
|
|
|
10% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Czechia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Czechia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Czechia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Czechia |
|
|
|
4% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Czechia |
|
|
|
0% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Czechia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Czechia |
|
|
|
2% of national territory |
DE
|
State of soils in Germany |
|
|
|
59% area unhealthy |
|
N excess is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Germany |
|
|
|
47% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
19% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Germany |
|
|
|
43% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
20% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Germany |
|
|
|
11% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Germany |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Germany |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Germany |
|
|
|
50% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
28% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Germany |
|
|
|
33% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
20% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Germany |
|
|
|
91% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
6% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Germany |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Germany |
|
|
|
4% of national territory |
DK
|
State of soils in Denmark |
|
|
|
76% area unhealthy |
|
N excess is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Denmark |
|
|
|
65% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
45% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Denmark |
|
|
|
16% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
10% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Denmark |
|
|
|
6% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Denmark |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Denmark |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Denmark |
|
|
|
73% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
50% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Denmark |
|
|
|
31% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
25% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Denmark |
|
|
|
84% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
4% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Denmark |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Denmark |
|
|
|
2% of national territory |
EE
|
State of soils in Estonia |
|
|
|
59% area unhealthy |
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Estonia |
|
|
|
22% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Estonia |
|
|
|
2% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Estonia |
|
|
|
45% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Estonia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Estonia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Estonia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Estonia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Estonia |
|
|
|
72% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
18% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Estonia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Estonia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
EL
|
State of soils in Greece |
|
|
|
33% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Greece |
|
|
|
60% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
10% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Greece |
|
|
|
83% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
13% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Greece |
|
|
|
11% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Greece |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Greece |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Greece |
|
|
|
5% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Greece |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Greece |
|
|
|
28% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Greece |
|
|
|
11% of Mediterranean biogeographical region unhealthy |
|
10% of national territory |
|
|
Soil Sealing in Greece |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
ES
|
State of soils in Spain |
|
|
|
36% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Spain |
|
|
|
72% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
18% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Spain |
|
|
|
86% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
20% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Spain |
|
|
|
7% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Spain |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Spain |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Spain |
|
|
|
11% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Spain |
|
|
|
1% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Spain |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Spain |
|
|
|
8% of Mediterranean biogeographical region unhealthy |
|
7% of national territory |
|
|
Soil Sealing in Spain |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
FI
|
State of soils in Finland |
|
|
|
13% area unhealthy |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Finland |
|
|
|
17% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Finland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Finland |
|
|
|
6% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Finland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Finland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Finland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Finland |
|
|
|
2% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Finland |
|
|
|
19% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
7% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Finland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Finland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
FR
|
State of soils in France |
|
|
|
44% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in France |
|
|
|
53% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
16% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in France |
|
|
|
41% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
18% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in France |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in France |
|
|
|
3% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in France |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in France |
|
|
|
28% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
16% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in France |
|
|
|
16% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
10% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in France |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in France |
|
|
|
5% of Mediterranean biogeographical region unhealthy |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
Soil Sealing in France |
|
|
|
2% of national territory |
HR
|
State of soils in Croatia |
|
|
|
9% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Croatia |
|
|
|
31% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Croatia |
|
|
|
76% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
7% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Croatia |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Croatia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Croatia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Croatia |
|
|
|
2% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Croatia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Croatia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Croatia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Croatia |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
HU
|
State of soils in Hungary |
|
|
|
58% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Hungary |
|
|
|
41% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
24% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Hungary |
|
|
|
70% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
41% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Hungary |
|
|
|
14% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Hungary |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Hungary |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Hungary |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Hungary |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Hungary |
|
|
|
80% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Hungary |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Hungary |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
IE
|
State of soils in Ireland |
|
|
|
59% area unhealthy |
|
N excess is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Ireland |
|
|
|
42% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Ireland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Ireland |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Ireland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Ireland |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Ireland |
|
|
|
79% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
46% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Ireland |
|
|
|
11% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
8% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Ireland |
|
|
|
62% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
12% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Ireland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Ireland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
IT
|
State of soils in Italy |
|
|
|
47% area unhealthy |
|
Unsustainable soil erosion (water, wind, tillage, harvest) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Italy |
|
|
|
80% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
23% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Italy |
|
|
|
68% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
19% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Italy |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Italy |
|
|
|
14% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Italy |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Italy |
|
|
|
23% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
8% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Italy |
|
|
|
3% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Italy |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Italy |
|
|
|
7% of Mediterranean biogeographical region unhealthy |
|
4% of national territory |
|
|
Soil Sealing in Italy |
|
|
|
3% of national territory |
LT
|
State of soils in Lithuania |
|
|
|
31% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Lithuania |
|
|
|
26% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
9% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Lithuania |
|
|
|
29% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
11% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Lithuania |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Lithuania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Lithuania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Lithuania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Lithuania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Lithuania |
|
|
|
98% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
9% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Lithuania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Lithuania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
LU
|
State of soils in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
41% area unhealthy |
|
N excess is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
87% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
12% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
2% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
7% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
86% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
31% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
1% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Luxembourg |
|
|
|
4% of national territory |
LV
|
State of soils in Latvia |
|
|
|
24% area unhealthy |
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Latvia |
|
|
|
25% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
4% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Latvia |
|
|
|
10% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Latvia |
|
|
|
13% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Latvia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Latvia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N excess in Latvia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P excess in Latvia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Latvia |
|
|
|
62% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
6% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Latvia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Latvia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
NL
|
State of soils in Netherlands |
|
|
|
83% area unhealthy |
|
P excess is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Netherlands |
|
|
|
63% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
16% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Netherlands |
|
|
|
19% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
10% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Netherlands |
|
|
|
7% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Netherlands |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Netherlands |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Netherlands |
|
|
|
87% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
63% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Netherlands |
|
|
|
90% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
69% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Netherlands |
|
|
|
97% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
8% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Netherlands |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Netherlands |
|
|
|
7% of national territory |
PL
|
State of soils in Poland |
|
|
|
48% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Poland |
|
|
|
36% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
17% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Poland |
|
|
|
58% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
29% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Poland |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Poland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Poland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Poland |
|
|
|
15% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
8% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Poland |
|
|
|
6% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Poland |
|
|
|
87% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
4% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Poland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Poland |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
PT
|
State of soils in Portugal |
|
|
|
18% area unhealthy |
|
Unsustainable soil erosion (water, wind, tillage, harvest) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Portugal |
|
|
|
60% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
9% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Portugal |
|
|
|
29% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Portugal |
|
|
|
4% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Portugal |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Portugal |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Portugal |
|
|
|
9% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Portugal |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Portugal |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Portugal |
|
|
|
3% of Mediterranean biogeographical region unhealthy |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
Soil Sealing in Portugal |
|
|
|
2% of national territory |
RO
|
State of soils in Romania |
|
|
|
45% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Romania |
|
|
|
59% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
22% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Romania |
|
|
|
71% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
31% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Romania |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Romania |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Romania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
N Excess in Romania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Romania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Romania |
|
|
|
50% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
2% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Romania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Romania |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
SE
|
State of soils in Sweden |
|
|
|
5% area unhealthy |
|
Unsustainable soil erosion (water, wind, tillage, harvest) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Sweden |
|
|
|
37% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Sweden |
|
|
|
7% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
<1% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Sweden |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Sweden |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Sweden |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Sweden |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Sweden |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Sweden |
|
|
|
6% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
1% of national territory |
|
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Sweden |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Sweden |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
SI
|
State of soils in Slovenia |
|
|
|
30% area unhealthy |
|
High mercury concentrations are the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Slovenia |
|
|
|
64% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
4% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Slovenia |
|
|
|
41% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
3% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Slovenia |
|
|
|
8% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Slovenia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Slovenia |
|
|
|
19% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Slovenia |
|
|
|
18% of agricultural land area unhealthy (CORINE) |
|
4% of national territory |
|
|
P Excess in Slovenia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Slovenia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Slovenia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Slovenia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
SK
|
State of soils in Slovakia |
|
|
|
37% area unhealthy |
|
SOC (mineral soils only) is the greatest contributor |
|
|
|
|
|
Soil Erosion by Water, Wind, Tillage and Crop in Slovakia |
|
|
|
62% of cropland area unhealthy |
|
22% of national territory |
|
|
Loss of Soil Organic Carbon in Slovakia |
|
|
|
68% of cropland and grassland area unhealthy (except for land above 1000 m a.s.l.) |
|
23% of national territory |
|
|
High or Very High susceptibility for topsoil compaction in Slovakia |
|
|
|
5% of national territory |
|
Contamination by High Copper concentrations in Slovakia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Contamination by High Mercury concentrations in Slovakia |
|
|
|
3% of national territory |
|
N Excess in Slovakia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
P Excess in Slovakia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Peatland under hotspot of agriculture in Slovakia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Areas at risk of secondary Salinization in Slovakia |
|
|
|
No issue based on current evidence |
|
Soil Sealing in Slovakia |
|
|
|
1% of national territory |
