Table of Contents
Annex VIII-d: STEPPE, HEATH and SCRUB HABITATS
Introduction
'Steppe, heath and scrub habitats' coverage in the EU
Conservation status and trends
Pressures
Condition of habitats
Carbon stock and sequestration
Annex VIII-d: STEPPE, HEATH and SCRUB HABITATS
Introduction
This paper provides information derived from the Member States' reports and assessments under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. It is a background information to help identify possible restoration targets for the 'legal binding instrument' under the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2030.
The 'steppe, heath and scrub' group include, 21 Annex I habitat types (see Table 1): all heaths and scrubs (except wet heaths
and those dependent on agricultural management
), and a selection of steppe habitats.
Table 1 – Steppe, heath and scrub Annex I habitat types selected
|
Salt and gypsum steppes (3 types)
|
Sclerophyllous scrub (matorral) (11 types)
|
|
1430
|
Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea)
|
5110
|
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.)
|
|
1510
|
Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia)
|
5120
|
Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
|
|
1520
|
Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalia)
|
5140
|
Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
|
|
Temperate heath and scrub (7 types)
|
5220
|
Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
|
|
4050
|
Endemic macaronesian heaths
|
5230
|
Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
|
|
4060
|
Alpine and Boreal heaths
|
5310
|
Laurus nobilis thickets
|
|
4070
|
Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)
|
5320
|
Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
|
|
4080
|
Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub
|
5330
|
Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
|
|
40A0
|
Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
|
5410
|
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae)
|
|
40B0
|
Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
|
5420
|
Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
|
|
40C0
|
Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
|
5430
|
Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion
|
'Steppe, heath and scrub habitats' coverage in the EU
The 21 habitat types selected cover close to 78 582 km2 (2 % of the EU terrestrial area
); this excludes areas reported by Romania, which are known to be largely overestimated
.
The data available from Corine Land Cover
and from the Ecosystems Map of Europe
do not allow a straightforward comparison between the total area of 'steppe, heath and scrub habitats' in the EU and the area covered by Annex I habitats. This is mainly due to the nomenclatures used and the spatial resolution of the datasets. A comparison between these data sources is given in Table 2 below.
Table 2 – Heath and scrub land (km2) from different sources (EU27)
Corine Land Cover 2018 (level 3)
|
Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations
|
163 270
|
|
322 – Moors and heathland
|
71 269
|
|
323 – Sclerophyllous vegetation
|
92 001
|
Ecosystems map (level 3)
|
F – Heathland, scrub and tundra
|
114 777
|
|
F2 – Arctic, alpine and subalpine scrub
|
21 095
|
|
F3 – Temperate and mediterranean-montane scrub
|
21 331
|
|
F4 – Temperate shrub heathland
|
2 230
|
|
F5 – Maquis, arborescent matorral and thermo-Mediterranean brushes
|
41 459
|
|
F6 – Garrigue
|
10 701
|
|
F7 – Spiny Mediterranean heaths (phrygana, hedgehog-heaths and related coastal cliff vegetation)
|
17 007
|
|
F8 – Thermo-Atlantic xerophytic scrub
|
954
|
The areas of steppe, heath and scrub habitats are mainly present in the Mediterranean region and most mountain ranges, including those of Fennoscandia (see Map 1). The Member States with the highest proportion of those habitats are Greece (7 %), Malta (6 %), Spain (5 %), Sweden (4 %) and Austria (6 %); sixteen Member States have less than 2 % of their territory covered by steppes, heaths and scrubs; these habitats are absent in five Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Netherlands).
Table 3 gives the areas and proportion of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats for each Member State, including coverage by Natura 2000. Maps illustrating the distribution of different types of these habitats in the EU are available in Annex A.
From the 78 582 km2 of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats (excluding Romania), about 48 % is estimated to be inside the Natura 2000 network (about 37 607 km2); this may be an underestimation since reports from Member States were not comprehensive on this regard. The coverage by Natura 2000 varies according to the sub-group, from 49 % for 'temperate heaths' to 38 % for 'salt and gypsum steppes'. The proportion of habitats per sub-group of 'steppe, heath and scrub' habitats and their coverage is detailed in Table 4.
Coverage by Natura 2000 also greatly varies according to the Member State: from over 90 % (Bulgaria, Czechia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovakia and Slovenia) to less than 25 % (France) (Table 3).
Map 1 – Distribution of the 21 Annex I steppe, heath, and scrub habitats in the EU
Source: Distribution maps (10 km x 10 km) delivered by Member States under Article 17 reporting (period 2013-2018)
Note: the shades of brown indicate the number of habitat types per 10 km x 10 km grid cell.
Table 3 – Area and proportion of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats
per Member State
|
|
Member State area (km2)
|
In the Member State
|
Proportion of the Steppe, heath & scrub area (%)
|
Inside Natura 2000
|
|
|
|
Steppe, heath & scrub area (km2)
|
Steppe, heath & scrub area (%)
|
|
Steppe, heath & scrub area
|
% Steppe, heath & scrub area
|
|
Austria
|
83 944
|
3 584.9
|
4.3
|
4.6
|
989.254
|
27.6
|
|
Belgium
|
30 683
|
0.3
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.16
|
61.5
|
|
Bulgaria
|
110 995
|
671.8
|
0.6
|
0.9
|
653.25651
|
97.2
|
|
Croatia
|
55 590
|
1066.1
|
1.9
|
1.4
|
653.25651
|
61.3
|
|
Cyprus
|
9 249
|
160.2
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
119.19
|
74.4
|
|
Czechia
|
78 874
|
20.3
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
19.92692
|
98.2
|
|
Denmark
|
44 162
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estonia
|
45 382
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finland
|
338 004
|
6 711.0
|
2.0
|
8.5
|
5978
|
89.1
|
|
France
|
551 881
|
6 758.1
|
1.2
|
8.6
|
1150.76
|
17.0
|
|
Germany
|
362 177
|
155.9
|
0.0
|
0.2
|
96.6678
|
62.0
|
|
Greece
|
132 014
|
9 037.6
|
6.8
|
11.5
|
2876.28
|
31.8
|
|
Hungary
|
93 012
|
10.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
8
|
80.0
|
|
Ireland
|
70 699
|
150.7
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
116.25
|
77.1
|
|
Italy
|
301 321
|
4628.811
|
1.5
|
5.9
|
2007.47714
|
43.4
|
|
Latvia
|
64 590
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lithuania
|
65 289
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luxembourg
|
2 595
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0531
|
99.3
|
|
Malta
|
316
|
19.9
|
6.3
|
0.0
|
13.2143
|
66.4
|
|
Netherlands
|
39 898
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poland
|
312 683
|
41.5
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
32.4572
|
78.3
|
|
Portugal (#)
|
92 378
|
1 185.6
|
1.3
|
1.5
|
1582.16
|
133.4
|
|
Romania (*)
|
238 404
|
2 312.1
|
1.0
|
|
1697.7612
|
73.4
|
|
Slovakia
|
49 026
|
125.4
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
121.8334
|
97.2
|
|
Slovenia
|
20 274
|
238.0
|
1.2
|
0.3
|
233
|
97.9
|
|
Spain
|
506 222
|
24 100.7
|
4.8
|
30.7
|
10997.062
|
45.6
|
|
Sweden
|
450 110
|
19 915.0
|
4.4
|
25.3
|
9959
|
50.0
|
|
Total
|
4 149 772
|
80 893.7
|
1.9
|
|
39 305.0
|
48.6
|
|
Total
(without Romania)
|
3 911 772
|
78 581.6
|
2.0
|
|
37 607.3
|
47.9
|
Notes: Member States with more than 2 % (the EU average) of their terrestrial area covered by 'steppe, heath and scrub' habitats are highlighted; (*) areas reported by Romania are overestimated; (#) Portugal reported areas inside Natura 2000 but not overall for several habitats, which explain the abnormal figure of 133 % coverage by the network.
Table 4 – Area and proportion of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats per sub-group
|
|
|
Inside Natura 2000
|
|
EU27
excluding Romania
|
Area (km2)
|
Steppe, heath, & scrub area (km2)
|
% Steppe, heath & scrub area
|
|
Salt and gypsum steppe
|
2 509
|
965
|
38
|
|
1430
|
651
|
256
|
39
|
|
1510
|
307
|
85
|
28
|
|
1520
|
1 551
|
624
|
40
|
|
Temperate heath
|
42 183
|
20 829
|
49
|
|
4050
|
1 295
|
501
|
39
|
|
4060
|
37 481
|
18 676
|
50
|
|
4070
|
1 985
|
920
|
46
|
|
4080
|
1 385
|
701
|
51
|
|
40A0
|
37
|
31
|
85
|
|
40B0
|
0.03
|
0.03
|
100
|
|
40C0
|
0.03
|
0.03
|
100
|
|
Sclerophyllous scrub
|
33 890
|
15 768
|
47
|
|
5110
|
2 858
|
1 782
|
62
|
|
5120
|
2 674
|
1 939
|
73
|
|
5140 (*)
|
|
45
|
(100)
|
|
5210
|
7 301
|
3 575
|
49
|
|
5220
|
311
|
119
|
38
|
|
5230
|
185
|
27
|
14
|
|
5310
|
157
|
1
|
1
|
|
5320
|
94
|
40
|
43
|
|
5330
|
12 418
|
5 940
|
48
|
|
5410
|
27
|
21
|
76
|
|
5420
|
7 745
|
2 162
|
28
|
|
5430
|
3 728
|
118
|
98
|
|
TOTAL
|
78 582
|
37 563
|
48
|
Note: (*) total area not reported for this habitat restricted to southwest Portugal, but likely to be fully covered by Natura 2000
Conservation status and trends
The vast majority (71 %) of the assessments of the 21 steppe, heath, and scrub habitats at the EU level have an unfavourable conservation status (49 % poor and 22 % bad). 22 % have a good conservation status. There are differences between the different habitat groups (Figure 1): 'temperate heaths' has the highest proportion of good status (25 %) and the 'salt and gypsum steppes' the worst status (100 % unfavourable, but only three habitats in this group).
Among the habitat assessments that do not have a good status, almost one-third have a deteriorating trend (29 %) while only 3 % have an improving trend. An additional 39 % maintain their unfavourable status; the conservation status trend is unknow for 29 % of the assessments. The group with the worst conservation status trends is 'salt and gypsum steppes' (67 % deteriorating); 'temperate heath' habitats have the higher proportion of improving trends (7 %) (Figure 2).
Details on conservation status and conservation status trends for each Member State are given in Table 5.
Figure 1 – Conservation status of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats at the
EU level (in percentage)
Note: Number of assessments per group shown in brackets.
Figure 2 – Conservation status trends of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats at the
EU level (in percentage)
Note: Number of assessments per group shown in brackets.
Table 5 – Conservation status and trends of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats
in the Member States (in percentage)
|
Member States
|
FV
|
U1-
|
U1+
|
U1=
|
U1x
|
U2-
|
U2+
|
U2=
|
U2x
|
XX
|
|
AT (4)
|
75
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BE (1)
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BG (13)
|
|
|
|
15
|
85
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CY (5)
|
40
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
CZ (5)
|
60
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DE (7)
|
71
|
14
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DK (0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EE (0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES (23)
|
17
|
4
|
|
26
|
13
|
4
|
|
9
|
13
|
13
|
|
FI (4)
|
50
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FR (20)
|
45
|
15
|
|
25
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
GR (9)
|
56
|
|
22
|
11
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
HR (5)
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HU (1)
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IE (1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
IT (24)
|
29
|
8
|
|
33
|
|
21
|
|
4
|
|
4
|
|
LT (0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LU (1)
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LV (0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MT (5)
|
40
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
NL (0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PL (7)
|
29
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
|
|
PT (15)
|
33
|
27
|
|
13
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
RO (8)
|
38
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SE (4)
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SI (2)
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SK (5)
|
80
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes: FV = good, U1 = poor, U2 = bad, XX = unknown conservation status
'-' = deteriorating, '+' = improving, '=' = stable, 'x' = unknown conservation status trend; number of assessments per Member State shown in brackets.
Pressures
Steppe, heath, and scrub habitats are subject to a wide diversity of pressures resulting in their degradation and extirpation. According to Member States reports under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, the top three groups of pressures (in percentage of the total) are:
-Conversion and land use change amounts to near 35 %; from these, over half (52 %) is due to development of urban, industrial and leisure sites, 26 % from agriculture intensification, 12 % from afforestation, and 9 % from building of roads and railroads
-Habitat management with over 23 % of all pressures; these include inadequate agricultural practices like intensive grazing and ceasing management (73 %), forestry like burning and plantations with non-native species (20 %)
-Alien and problematic species, with over 18 %; this is mainly due to invasive alien species, many of them of EU concern
Equally important are natural processes with near 11 %, mainly originating from natural succession, which is often related to the lack of management of the concerned habitats.
Figure 3 – Pressures reported for steppe, heath and scrub habitats
(in percentage)
Note: based on pressures reported as 'high-ranking'.
Condition of habitats
Member States reported on the condition of habitat types under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. This data can be used to estimate the area of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats assessed as degraded (condition not-good) therefore, requiring restoration.
The area of steppe, heath, and scrub habitats that would need to be restored, i.e., improved condition, is at least 6 586 km2, representing 8 % of the total area reported for this group of habitats (the values exclude Romania). However, the condition of habitats reported as 'unknown' (or not reported) is almost 28 600 km2 (36 % of the total area). This means that the area requiring restoration is bigger than 6 586 km2; for example, assuming that half of the 'unknown' area is in a not-good condition, the area to be restored would be over 20 000 km2 or 35 000 km2 if all the 'unknown' is assumed to be in a 'not-good' condition (36 % of the total area). Table 6 gives information for each of the 21 steppe, heath, and scrub habitats (excluding Romania) and Table 7 the condition areas and percentage for each of the Member States.
In addition to the habitat condition, Member States also reported on the 'favourable reference areas'
. Comparing this area with the actual habitat area allows to estimate how much area of the habitat would need to be re-created to achieve a good distribution and area of the habitat. Based on this data, it is estimated that a strict minimum of 400 km2 would need to be re-created to achieve a ‘favourable area’:
-11 km2 for salt and gypsum steppe habitats
-1 km2 for temperate heath habitats
-393 km2 for sclerophyllous scrub habitats
However, these values are much higher since several Member States did not provide enough information in their reports to allow a more realistic estimation.
Table 6 – Condition of steppes, heaths, and scrubs per Annex I habitat type
|
|
|
Condition (area in km2)
|
Condition (in percentage)
|
|
|
Habitat area
|
Good
|
Not-good
|
Unknown
|
Good
|
Not-good
|
Unknown
|
|
Total
|
78 582
|
43 423
|
6 586
|
28 573
|
55
|
8
|
36
|
|
Salt and gypsum steppe
|
2 509
|
373
|
319
|
1 816
|
15
|
13
|
72
|
|
1430
|
651
|
55
|
218
|
377
|
8
|
34
|
58
|
|
1510
|
307
|
50
|
73
|
184
|
16
|
24
|
60
|
|
1520
|
1 551
|
267
|
28
|
1 256
|
17
|
2
|
81
|
|
Temperate heath
|
42 183
|
24 591
|
2 951
|
14 640
|
58
|
7
|
35
|
|
4050
|
1 295
|
481
|
753
|
62
|
37
|
58
|
5
|
|
4060
|
37 481
|
22 116
|
2 143
|
13 222
|
59
|
6
|
35
|
|
4070
|
1 985
|
901
|
51
|
1 033
|
45
|
3
|
52
|
|
4080
|
1 385
|
1 083
|
1
|
300
|
78
|
|
22
|
|
40A0
|
37
|
11
|
3
|
23
|
29
|
7
|
63
|
|
40B0
|
0.03
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
100
|
|
40C0
|
0.03
|
|
|
0.03
|
|
|
100
|
|
Sclerophyllous scrub
|
115 616
|
50 530
|
26 218
|
38 867
|
44
|
23
|
34
|
|
5110
|
987
|
425
|
84
|
478
|
43
|
9
|
48
|
|
5120
|
124
|
24
|
65
|
36
|
19
|
52
|
29
|
|
5140
|
17
|
11
|
1
|
5
|
64
|
7
|
29
|
|
5210
|
1 106
|
|
|
1 106
|
|
|
100
|
|
5220
|
10 776
|
8 360
|
73
|
2 343
|
78
|
1
|
22
|
|
5230
|
413
|
212
|
45
|
156
|
51
|
11
|
38
|
|
5310
|
9 009
|
3 747
|
322
|
4 940
|
42
|
4
|
55
|
|
5320
|
180
|
30
|
130
|
20
|
17
|
72
|
11
|
|
5330
|
41
|
13
|
3
|
24
|
33
|
8
|
59
|
|
5410
|
11 255
|
4 176
|
1 066
|
6 013
|
37
|
9
|
53
|
|
5420
|
30 441
|
9 350
|
3 403
|
17 688
|
31
|
11
|
58
|
|
5430
|
3 728
|
1 865
|
587
|
1 276
|
50
|
16
|
34
|
Notes: Areas reported by Romania excluded from the table.
Table 7 – Condition of Annex I steppes, heaths, and scrubs per Member State
|
|
Habitats area (km2)
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Member State
|
Total
|
Good
|
Not-good
|
Unknown
|
Good
|
Not-good
|
Unknown
|
|
AT
|
3 585
|
3 573
|
12
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
BE
|
0
|
|
|
|
111
|
18
|
62
|
|
BG
|
672
|
|
|
653
|
|
|
97
|
|
CY
|
160
|
135
|
26
|
|
84
|
16
|
|
|
CZ
|
20
|
19
|
|
1
|
94
|
2
|
4
|
|
DE
|
156
|
140
|
16
|
97
|
90
|
10
|
62
|
|
DK
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ES
|
24 101
|
8 685
|
3 476
|
11 939
|
36
|
14
|
50
|
|
FI
|
6 711
|
1 668
|
1 980
|
3 063
|
25
|
30
|
46
|
|
FR
|
6 758
|
341
|
77
|
6 341
|
5
|
1
|
94
|
|
GR
|
9 038
|
7 966
|
39
|
1 033
|
88
|
|
11
|
|
HR
|
1 066
|
1 066
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
HU
|
10
|
7
|
2
|
2
|
65
|
15
|
20
|
|
IE
|
151
|
97
|
54
|
|
64
|
36
|
|
|
IT
|
4 629
|
1 278
|
136
|
3 215
|
28
|
3
|
69
|
|
LT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LU
|
0.05
|
0.05
|
|
|
93
|
|
7
|
|
LV
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MT
|
20
|
13
|
7
|
|
66
|
34
|
|
|
NL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PL
|
41
|
27
|
15
|
|
65
|
35
|
|
|
PT
|
1 186
|
242
|
739
|
205
|
20
|
62
|
17
|
|
RO (*)
|
2 312
|
1 629
|
|
683
|
70
|
|
30
|
|
SE
|
19 915
|
17 924
|
|
1 992
|
90
|
|
10
|
|
SI
|
238
|
232
|
7
|
|
97
|
3
|
|
|
SK
|
125
|
11
|
3
|
111
|
9
|
2
|
89
|
Notes: (*) areas reported by Romania largely overestimated.
Carbon stock and sequestration
Carbon sequestration rates in steppe, heath and scrub habitats are estimated to be rather low (<1,5 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). As mineralisation rates in the soils seems to be high carbon stocks also only reach relatively low values (up to 150 Mg C ha-1). Temperate heaths seem to reach slightly higher values than steppe and scrub habitats. Due to their coverage of about 1,7% of EU-27, temperate heaths and sclerophyllous scrubs provide significant contributions to sequestration and stocks of European land ecosystems, compared to salt and gypsum steppes which cover only less than 0,06% of the EU-27 area. Overall, the contribution of these habitats to the carbon sequestration capacity reaches 5,9 Mio tons of carbon equivalent or almost 22 Mio tons of CO2 if habitats are in good condition. Potential to store carbon is estimated between 0,4 to 1,2 Gt equivalent to 1,4 to 4,3 Gt of CO2.
Table 8 – Carbon stock and sequestration of Annex I steppe, heath, and scrub habitats
|
EU27
excluding Romania
|
Area (km2)
|
Total Carbon Stock (Mt)
|
Potential carbon sequestration rate (Mt y-1)
|
|
|
|
min
|
max
|
mean
|
|
Salt and gypsum steppes
|
2 508.53
|
0.00
|
37.63
|
0.19
|
|
1430
|
650.61
|
0.00
|
9.76
|
0.05
|
|
1510
|
307.36
|
0.00
|
4.61
|
0.02
|
|
1520
|
1 550.56
|
0.00
|
23.26
|
0.12
|
|
Temperate heaths
|
42 182.88
|
316.37
|
632.74
|
3.16
|
|
4050
|
1 295.17
|
9.71
|
19.43
|
0.10
|
|
4060
|
37 480.68
|
281.11
|
562.21
|
2.81
|
|
4070
|
1 985.01
|
14.89
|
29.78
|
0.15
|
|
4080
|
1 384.95
|
10.39
|
20.77
|
0.10
|
|
40A0
|
37.01
|
0.28
|
0.56
|
0.00
|
|
40B0
|
0.03
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
|
40C0
|
0.03
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
|
Sclerophyllous scrub
|
33 890.22
|
78.76
|
508.35
|
2.54
|
|
5110
|
2 857.76
|
21.43
|
42.87
|
0.21
|
|
5120
|
2 673.76
|
0.00
|
40.11
|
0.20
|
|
5140*
|
|
n.a
|
n.a
|
n.a
|
|
5210
|
7 300.89
|
54.76
|
109.51
|
0.55
|
|
5220
|
311.06
|
0.00
|
4.67
|
0.02
|
|
5230
|
185.21
|
1.39
|
2.78
|
0.01
|
|
5310
|
156.99
|
1.18
|
2.35
|
0.01
|
|
5320
|
93.55
|
0.00
|
1.40
|
0.01
|
|
5330
|
12 417.78
|
0.00
|
186.27
|
0.93
|
|
5410
|
27.14
|
0.00
|
0.41
|
0.00
|
|
5420
|
7 745.21
|
0.00
|
116.18
|
0.58
|
|
5430
|
120.88
|
0.00
|
1.81
|
0.01
|
|
TOTAL
|
78 581.63
|
395.13
|
1 178.72
|
5.89
|
Note: areas reported by Romania note included; * area not reported
Annex A
Map 2 – Distribution of Annex I salt and gypsum steppes (1430, 1510, 1520)
Note: the shades of brown indicate the number of habitat types per 10 km x 10 km grid cell. Macaronesian islands not shown in the map.
Map 3 – Distribution of Annex I sclerophyllous scrub (matorral)
(4050, 4060, 4070, 4080, 40A0, 40B0, 40C0)
Note: the shades of brown indicate the number of habitat types per 10 km x 10 km grid cell.
Map 4 – Distribution of Annex I temperate heath habitats
(5110, 5120, 5140, 5220, 5230, 5310, 5320, 5330, 5410, 5420, 5430)
Note: the shades of brown indicate the number of habitat types per 10 km x 10 km grid cell.