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  Cyber violence and hate speech online against women
  

  This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, looks into the phenomenon of cyber violence and hate speech online against women in the European Union. After reviewing existing definitio...

  This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, looks into the phenomenon of cyber violence and hate speech online against women in the European Union. After reviewing existing definitions of the different forms of cyber violence, the study assesses the root causes and impact of online violence on women. It continues by analysing and mapping the prevalence, victims and perpetrators. The document ends with an outline of the existing legal framework and recommendations for action within the EU remit.

  • Published: 2018-10-01
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union (European Parliament)
  • Subject: database, digital technology, entrepreneurship, information technology, Internet, participation of women, position of women, sexual violence, slavery, the EU's international role, trafficking in human beings, woman
• REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Second report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2018) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims

  • Published: 2018-12-03
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (European Commission) ; European Commission
  • Subject: data collection, data transmission, EU Member State, fight against crime, help for victims, human rights, organised crime, prostitution, slavery, trafficking in human beings
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  Contemporary forms of slavery
  

  This briefing aims to clarify the concept of contemporary forms of slavery and analyse the legal obligations of States, as well as recent international developments at global and EU levels. It highlights the inconsistent application of the concept by global governance actors and discusses the in...

  This briefing aims to clarify the concept of contemporary forms of slavery and analyse the legal obligations of States, as well as recent international developments at global and EU levels. It highlights the inconsistent application of the concept by global governance actors and discusses the inclusion of various exploitative practices within this conceptual framework. It also examines the prevalence of contemporary forms of slavery and assesses the policy framework for EU external action. The briefing then recommends possible action by the EU, including: promotion of a more consistent definition and use of the concept of contemporary forms of slavery and further clarifications on the relationship with the human trafficking and forced labour frameworks; a role for the EU as catalyst in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Targets in the field of all contemporary forms of slavery; support for standardising methods of data collection globally. Finally, the paper invites the EU to assess the possibility of drafting a new treaty on contemporary forms of slavery, as a way to fill some existing loopholes at the international level.

  • Published: 2019-01-21
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union (European Parliament)
  • Subject: common strategy, cooperation policy, fight against crime, organised crime, slavery, trafficking in human beings
• COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Second report on the progress made in the fight against trafficking in human beings (2018) as required under Article 20 of Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims

  • Published: 2018-12-03
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (European Commission) ; European Commission
  • Subject: data collection, data transmission, EU Member State, fight against crime, help for victims, human rights, organised crime, prostitution, slavery, trafficking in human beings
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  Gender-specific measures in anti-trafficking actions
  

  Violence against women and girls persists over time, seriously harming our societies. It is imperative that this unacceptable phenomenon ends. It goes against fundamental values of the European Union, including the respect for human dignity, freedom and equality. It leaves deep wounds in victims...

  Violence against women and girls persists over time, seriously harming our societies. It is imperative that this unacceptable phenomenon ends. It goes against fundamental values of the European Union, including the respect for human dignity, freedom and equality. It leaves deep wounds in victims, in families and in society. In fact, it is so widespread and pervasive that it forms part of every individual’s life, in Europe and beyond, whether they experience it themselves, in their families, or in their social networks. If not victims, we are all bystanders. We share the responsibility to take action and promote change. Structural aspects of discrimination and unequal power relations between women and men have historically placed women and girls at a disadvantage. To this day, women and girls in Europe experience the manifestations of gender inequality in all aspects of their lives, including exposure to different forms of violence. It is clear that ending violence against women and achieving gender equality must go hand-in-hand and are key to each other’s success. Trafficking in human beings is one of the many facets of violence against women and girls. Trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is the most reported form in the European Union with the majority of victims of this crime also being European Union nationals. Trafficking for sexual exploitation is rooted in gender inequalities, and it affects women disproportionately. The gender- specific roots and consequences of this crime cannot and must not be overlooked in the way trafficking for sexual exploitation is understood and addressed. The European Union is committed to tackling this heinous crime and violation of women and girls’ fundamental rights through a number of policies and actions that are gender-specific. Identifying, protecting and assisting victims of trafficking, a key European Union priority for the eradication of trafficking in human beings, remains a challenge for many Member States. The European Commission affirms its commitment to support the Member States in achieving this goal, through concrete guiding actions. In line with the recent commitment, through a Joint Statement to working together against trafficking in human beings, of 10 European Union agencies, and on the occasion of the EU Anti-Trafficking Day 2018, this report represents one of these actions.

  • Published: 2018-10-03
  • Corporate Author(s): European Institute for Gender Equality (EU body or agency)
  • Subject: distribution of EU funding, EU office or agency, external border of the EU, fight against crime, help for victims, project evaluation, report, rights of the individual, sexual harassment, sexual offence, sexual violence, slavery, trafficking in human beings, victim
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  The vulnerability to exploitation of women migrant workers in agriculture in the EU
  The need for a human rights and gender based approach

  This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality, explores the working conditions of migrant women in agriculture in the EU, focusing on some case studies ...

  This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality, explores the working conditions of migrant women in agriculture in the EU, focusing on some case studies in Italy and Spain. In particular, it aims to examine the factors that render women vulnerable to exploitation, paying attention to gendered dynamics and power relations. The study contends that to prevent and combat exploitation in agriculture it is necessary to implement concerted actions aimed at tackling, from a human rights and gender perspective, the structural factors of a socio-economic system which fosters and relies on workers’ vulnerability.

  • Published: 2018-09-20
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union (European Parliament)
  • Subject: EU migration policy, European Union, farming sector, female migrant, gender equality, human rights, Italy, migrant worker, refugee, slavery, socially disadvantaged class, Spain, trafficking in human beings, woman, woman farmer
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  Out of sight
  Migrant women exploited in domestic work

  Domestic workers contribute much to the EU’s societies and their economies. Their important work complements public social protection systems in EU Member States where such systems are not well developed, or their scope was reduced during the economic crisis. Their work in private homes also ena...

  Domestic workers contribute much to the EU’s societies and their economies. Their important work complements public social protection systems in EU Member States where such systems are not well developed, or their scope was reduced during the economic crisis. Their work in private homes also enables more women to participate in upper segments of the labour market. In spite of the economic and societal importance of the 2.5 million domestic workers working in the EU – the vast majority women – their rights too often remain illusory. Upholding labour law standards in domestic work is difficult: workers may not be aware of their rights, employers may not be committed to labour law standards, and labour inspectorates are usually not allowed to enter the domestic households where work is carried out. Domestic workers are also at heightened risk of experiencing severe labour exploitation – particularly exploitative working conditions that deviate significantly from standard working conditions as defined by legislation or other binding legal regulations. This concerns in particular remuneration, working hours, leave entitlements, health and safety standards and decent treatment. In some cases, domestic workers experience the most severe forms of labour exploitation, equalling slavery, servitude and forced labour.

  • Published: 2018-07-23
  • Corporate Author(s): European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (EU body or agency)
  • Subject: deprivation of rights, female migrant, female worker, home help, migrant worker, slavery, working conditions
• European Parliament resolution of 8 February 2018 on child slavery in Haiti (2018/2562(RSP))

  • Published: 2018-02-08
  • Corporate Author(s): European Parliament
  • Subject: child labour, child protection, EU aid, Haiti, human rights, national budget, poverty, sexual violence, slavery, trafficking in human beings
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  Prosecuting THB for the purpose of labour exploitation
  

  This report provides a source of information for practitioners involved in the investigation and prosecution of THB for the purpose of labour exploitation. It elaborates on a number of indicators of ‘labour exploitation’ that have emerged from national case law. Given that THB is very often a cr...

  This report provides a source of information for practitioners involved in the investigation and prosecution of THB for the purpose of labour exploitation. It elaborates on a number of indicators of ‘labour exploitation’ that have emerged from national case law. Given that THB is very often a cross-border crime, the report also highlights best practice in judicial cooperation as identified through the analysis of Eurojust’s casework.

  • Published: 2017-08-29
  • Corporate Author(s): Eurojust (EU body or agency)
  • Subject: confiscation of property, fight against crime, help for victims, human rights, international cooperation, judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the EU, judicial proceedings, organised crime, report, slavery, trafficking in human beings, working conditions
• Special Report No 9/2017 — ‘EU support to fight human trafficking in South/South-East Asia’

  • Published: 2017-06-22
  • Corporate Author(s): European Court of Auditors
  • Subject: fight against crime, financial aid, human rights, organised crime, poverty, sexual discrimination, slavery, South Asia, South-East Asia, trafficking in human beings