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  Work-life balance for all
  What are the benefits?

  Less than two thirds of women aged 20–64 across the EU are in employment, compared to over three quarters of men. Women also spend an average of 22 hours per week on unpaid work and care – compared to fewer than 10 hours for men – and are around four times more likely than men to work part time....

  Less than two thirds of women aged 20–64 across the EU are in employment, compared to over three quarters of men. Women also spend an average of 22 hours per week on unpaid work and care – compared to fewer than 10 hours for men – and are around four times more likely than men to work part time. These differences mean the average gender pay gap in the EU currently stands at around 16%, while the gender pension gap is as high as 40%.

  • Published: 2019-03-08
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (European Commission)
  • Subject: arrangement of working time, equal treatment, flexible working hours, gender equality, labour flexibility, part-time employment, unpaid work, work-life balance, working conditions
• Case C-705/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Galicia (Spain) lodged on 13 November 2018 — Agencia Estatal de la Administración Tributaria v SJ

  • Published: 2018-11-13
  • Corporate Author(s): Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: collective agreement, equal treatment, gender equality, part-time employment, promotion, remuneration of work, seniority, working time
• Case T-706/17: Judgment of the General Court of 13 December 2018 — UP v Commission (Civil service — Officials — Serious illness — Application f for part-time work on medical grounds — Rejection of the application — Principle of non-discrimination on grounds of disability — Right to be heard — Principle of sound administration — Duty of care — Liability)

  • Published: 2018-12-13
  • Corporate Author(s): General Court (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: discrimination based on disability, European official, illness, incapacity for work, indemnification, part-time employment, right to justice, rights of the defence, worker with disabilities
• Case C-432/17: Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 7 November 2018 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom — United Kingdom) — Dermod Patrick O’Brien v Ministry of Justice, formerly the Department for Constitutional Affairs (Reference for a preliminary ruling — Social policy — Directive 97/81/EC — Framework Agreement on part-time work concluded by UNICE, CEEP and the ETUC — Clause 4 — Principle of non-discrimination — Part-time workers — Retirement pension — Calculation of the amount of the pension — Account taken of years of service completed before expiry of the period for transposition of Directive 97/81/EC — Immediate application to the future effects of a situation which arose under the old law)

  • Published: 2018-11-07
  • Corporate Author(s): Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: equal treatment, part-time employment, pension scheme, retirement conditions, working time
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  Does employment status matter for job quality?
  

  Two-thirds of the EU labour force are in permanent, full-time employment; the remaining one-third has a non-standard employment status, meaning temporary or part-time employment or self-employment. Given the variety of employment statuses, it is worth asking whether working conditions differ acr...

  Two-thirds of the EU labour force are in permanent, full-time employment; the remaining one-third has a non-standard employment status, meaning temporary or part-time employment or self-employment. Given the variety of employment statuses, it is worth asking whether working conditions differ across them. This policy brief uses data from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey to investigate the job quality associated with different employment statuses in the 28 EU Member States. It finds that temporary and part-time workers as well as self-employed workers without employees are more likely to experience poorer job quality than permanent employees.

  • Published: 2019-03-05
  • Corporate Author(s): Eurofound (EU body or agency)
  • Subject: equal treatment, full-time employment, job satisfaction, job security, non-standard employment, occupational status, part-time employment, quality of life, report, social survey, temporary employment, working conditions
• Case C-439/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Galicia (Spain) lodged on 2 July 2018 — OH v Agencia Estatal de la Administración Tributaria

  • Published: 2018-07-02
  • Corporate Author(s): Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: arrangement of working time, collective agreement, equal treatment, gender equality, part-time employment, reduction of working time
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  Aspects of non-standard employment in Europe
  

  This report examines recent trends and aspects of the labour market situation in relation to non-standard work. The findings show that while both temporary contracts and self-employment grew – quite considerably in some Member States – during the long economic boom from the mid-1990s up to the o...

  This report examines recent trends and aspects of the labour market situation in relation to non-standard work. The findings show that while both temporary contracts and self-employment grew – quite considerably in some Member States – during the long economic boom from the mid-1990s up to the onset of the recession in 2007, there has not been an increase in the level of non-standard employment over the past few years – with the exception of part-time work. The report includes a specific focus on work mediated by digital platforms, which has been viewed as an emerging challenge.

  • Published: 2018-07-25
  • Corporate Author(s): Eurofound (EU body or agency)
  • Subject: casual employment, digital technology, employment policy, employment structure, job sharing, labour market, new type of employment, non-standard employment, part-time employment, report, self-employment, temporary employment, working conditions, working time, workplace
• Case C-486/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation (France) lodged on 23 July 2018 — RE v Praxair MRC

  • Published: 2018-07-23
  • Corporate Author(s): Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: allowances and expenses, dismissal, equal treatment, labour law, parental leave, part-time employment, sexual discrimination, vocational retraining
• Case C-472/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Galicia (Spain) lodged on 19 July 2018 — ER v Agencia Estatal de la Administración Tributaria

  • Published: 2018-07-19
  • Corporate Author(s): Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: arrangement of working time, collective agreement, equal treatment, gender equality, part-time employment, reduction of working time
• Case C-274/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Arbeits- und Sozialgericht Wien (Austria) lodged on 23 April 2018 — Minoo Schuch-Ghannadan v Medizinische Universität Wien

  • Published: 2018-04-23
  • Corporate Author(s): Court of Justice (Court of Justice of the European Union)
  • Subject: equal treatment, female work, framework agreement, full-time employment, gender equality, part-time employment, research project, sexual discrimination, university