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  Inspiring the shift from nutrition policy to implementation
  How existing data can support nutrition decision-making in Guatemala

  This brief analyses Guatemala’s progress in implementing multisectoral stunting reduction strategies, specifically the National Strategy for the Prevention of Chronic Malnutrition (ENPDC) 2016-2020. It demonstrates the potential of the National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN) approach...

  This brief analyses Guatemala’s progress in implementing multisectoral stunting reduction strategies, specifically the National Strategy for the Prevention of Chronic Malnutrition (ENPDC) 2016-2020. It demonstrates the potential of the National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN) approach for tracking country-level progress and informing decisions using existing data. It is based on a larger national report published in Spanish in Guatemala, used ahead of the 2019 elections to advocate for better implementation of nutrition actions and, where appropriate, to consider adjustments to implementation or budget allocation.

  • Published: 2019-08-01
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (European Commission)
  • Subject: action programme, decision-making, financial aid, food policy, Guatemala, malnutrition, nutrition, nutritional disease
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  Historiography of the European Parliament
  Changing perceptions of the institution from the 1950s to today

  This study charts the course and contours of academic interest in, and writing about, the European Parliament (EP) since its origins in the early 1950s. What began as a trickle of scholarly works on the EP turned into a flood in the early 1990s, after the EP acquired greater legislative power an...

  This study charts the course and contours of academic interest in, and writing about, the European Parliament (EP) since its origins in the early 1950s. What began as a trickle of scholarly works on the EP turned into a flood in the early 1990s, after the EP acquired greater legislative power and became more like a ‘real’ (if not a ‘normal’) parliament. The study does not claim to mention every significant work on the EP, and may well mention some works that other scholars might not consider to be particularly significant. It aims to present a ‘historiography’ of the EP, without limiting itself to the study of historical writing. Accordingly, it ranges over a wide swath of scholarship, including history but also, primarily, political science.

  • Published: 2019-07-17
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (European Parliament)
  • Personal Author(s): Dinan, Desmond
  • Subject: decision-making, EU institution, European election, European Parliament, history of Europe, operation of the Institutions, parliamentary assembly, political group (EP), powers of the EP
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  EASO guidance on contingency planning in the context of reception
  

  These guidelines are an approach to how to think about what needs to be prepared for, and how to plan so that a possible response plan can be more effective. The guidance describes what can be done in a certain situation and shows actions that should be done before, during and after a high-influ...

  These guidelines are an approach to how to think about what needs to be prepared for, and how to plan so that a possible response plan can be more effective. The guidance describes what can be done in a certain situation and shows actions that should be done before, during and after a high-influx situation.

  • Published: 2019-07-24
  • Corporate Author(s): European Asylum Support Office
  • Subject: decision-making, guide, human rights, management planning, political asylum, right of asylum
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  Subsidiarity
  Mechanisms for monitoring compliance : in-depth analysis

  The principle of subsidiarity requires decisions to be taken at the lowest practical level of government without, however, jeopardising mutually beneficial cooperation at the supranational level. Recent decades have seen efforts to strengthen the subsidiarity principle in EU law, including the i...

  The principle of subsidiarity requires decisions to be taken at the lowest practical level of government without, however, jeopardising mutually beneficial cooperation at the supranational level. Recent decades have seen efforts to strengthen the subsidiarity principle in EU law, including the introduction of the well-known early warning mechanism (EWM) for national parliaments. At the same time, the principle of subsidiarity remains a contested notion. This has important implications for the regulatory, political and judicial bodies monitoring compliance with the principle. In this context, commentators have called for a better (and shared) understanding of the principle and have formulated a number of suggestions as to how to monitor compliance with the principle more effectively.

  • Published: 2019-07-23
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (European Parliament)
  • Personal Author(s): Tilindyte, Laura
  • Subject: competence of the Member States, decision-making, EU competence, EU Member State, governance, national parliament, powers of the institutions (EU), principle of proportionality, principle of subsidiarity
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  A governance framework for algorithmic accountability and transparency
  

  Algorithmic systems are increasingly being used as part of decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, with potentially significant consequences for individuals, organisations and societies as a whole. Algorithmic systems in this context refer to the combination of algorith...

  Algorithmic systems are increasingly being used as part of decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, with potentially significant consequences for individuals, organisations and societies as a whole. Algorithmic systems in this context refer to the combination of algorithms, data and the interface process that together determine the outcomes that affect end users. Many types of decisions can be made faster and more efficiently using algorithms. A significant factor in the adoption of algorithmic systems for decision-making is their capacity to process large amounts of varied data sets (i.e. big data), which can be paired with machine learning methods in order to infer statistical models directly from the data. The same properties of scale, complexity and autonomous model inference however are linked to increasing concerns that many of these systems are opaque to the people affected by their use and lack clear explanations for the decisions they make. This lack of transparency risks undermining meaningful scrutiny and accountability, which is a significant concern when these systems are applied as part of decision-making processes that can have a considerable impact on people's human rights (e.g. critical safety decisions in autonomous vehicles; allocation of health and social service resources, etc.). This study develops policy options for the governance of algorithmic transparency and accountability, based on an analysis of the social, technical and regulatory challenges posed by algorithmic systems. Based on a review and analysis of existing proposals for governance of algorithmic systems, a set of four policy options are proposed, each of which addresses a different aspect of algorithmic transparency and accountability: 1. awareness raising: education, watchdogs and whistleblowers; 2. accountability in public-sector use of algorithmic decision-making; 3. regulatory oversight and legal liability; and 4. global coordination for algorithmic governance.

  • Published: 2019-06-12
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (European Parliament)
  • Subject: decision-making, governance, private sector, programming language, public sector, transparency in decision-making
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  Global trends to 2030
  Challenges and choices for Europe

  The ESPAS 'Global trends to 2030: challenges and choices for Europe' report is a contribution to support policy- and decision-makers as they navigate the world into 2030. We may not be able to provide a linear, predetermined chart – from port of departure to port of arrival. But what we can do i...

  The ESPAS 'Global trends to 2030: challenges and choices for Europe' report is a contribution to support policy- and decision-makers as they navigate the world into 2030. We may not be able to provide a linear, predetermined chart – from port of departure to port of arrival. But what we can do is extrapolate insights from current global trends; explore some of the key uncertainties that will shape Europe’s future; and better anticipate some of the choices and decisions that might confront us in the coming decade.

  • Published: 2019-06-28
  • Corporate Author(s): European Political Strategy Centre (European Commission) ; European Strategy and Policy Analysis System
  • Subject: adaptation to climate change, decision-making, economic development, economic forecasting, economic growth, long-term forecast, migration from the countryside to the town, new technology, population ageing, population forecast, public safety, report
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  Women, gender equality and the energy transition in the EU
  

  This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the evidence on the role of women in the energy transition in the European Union and the extent of gender equality in the process...

  This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the evidence on the role of women in the energy transition in the European Union and the extent of gender equality in the process particularly in respect of the renewable energy sector. The study identifies gender inequalities preventing women from the involvement in the energy transition and career advancement in this area and assesses how the transfer to the sustainable energy model will affect gender equality and the role of women as actors of change. It provides best practices in overcoming the barriers to gender equality in the energy transition and concludes with recommendations to the EU and national decision makers.

  • Published: 2019-06-13
  • Corporate Author(s): Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union (European Parliament)
  • Personal Author(s): Clancy, Joy ; Feenstra, Marielle
  • Subject: decision-making, energy industry, energy market, European Union, gender equality, participation of women, professional career, promotion, renewable energy, sustainable development
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  Protecting Europe
  The EU’s response to hybrid threats

  Hybrid threats – unconventional threats that fall under the threshold of military force – have become an ubiquitous feature of today’s security environment. Although the EU is much better placed to detect and combat hybrid threats today than was the case five years ago, this new form of asymmetr...

  Hybrid threats – unconventional threats that fall under the threshold of military force – have become an ubiquitous feature of today’s security environment. Although the EU is much better placed to detect and combat hybrid threats today than was the case five years ago, this new form of asymmetric conflict remains a major challenge. This Chaillot Paper seeks to provide practical and operational insights on how the EU can best respond to and counter hybrid threats. It focuses on three key policy domains that are of vital significance in a hybrid context — borders, critical infrastructure and disinformation — and shows how the EU has developed specific strategies to combat hybrid challenges in these areas. The paper underlines the importance of developing an overarching strategic response, and of improving coordinated EU approaches to hybrid threats.

  • Published: 2019-05-20
  • Corporate Author(s): European Union Institute for Security Studies (EU body or agency)
  • Personal Author(s): Parkes, Roderick ; Fiott, Daniel
  • Subject: anti-crisis plan, decision-making, EU policy, geopolitics, international security, new technology, policymaking, political situation, threat to national security
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  Position paper on water, energy, food and ecosystems (WEFE) nexus and sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  

  The WEFE nexus is an approach that integrates management and governance across the multiple sectors of food, energy, water, and ecosystems. The nexus corroborates the need to not view water, energy, food. and ecosystems as being separate entities, but rather as being complex and inextricably ent...

  The WEFE nexus is an approach that integrates management and governance across the multiple sectors of food, energy, water, and ecosystems. The nexus corroborates the need to not view water, energy, food. and ecosystems as being separate entities, but rather as being complex and inextricably entwined. Globally as well as locally, there is a growing realisation of the interconnectedness between water, energy, food security, and ecosystems. In simple terms, direct inputs of water are needed in the production of food and energy while energy is required for the storage and distribution of food as well as in water extraction, conveyance, and treatment. Natural resources and ecosystems services also underlie water, food, and energy security. Any limitation in one of the inputs would disturb the availability of one of the others. Applying the WEFE nexus approach helps to improve understanding of the interdependencies across sectors and the ecosystems with a view to improving integrated solutions in the field that improve achievement of SDGs.

  • Published: 2019-06-06
  • Corporate Author(s): Joint Research Centre (European Commission)
  • Personal Author(s): Biedler, M ; Carmona-Moreno, C ; Dondeynaz, C
  • Subject: decision-making, development policy, ecosystem, energy policy, EU policy, food production, governance, sectoral planning, sustainable development, water resources
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  An informed world
  What happens where? : 2019 edition

  Combined statistical and geospatial information contributes to: • Better decision making; More data, better information; • Increased understanding in real time situations; • Improved communication between parties involved; • Increased efficiency....

  Combined statistical and geospatial information contributes to: • Better decision making; More data, better information; • Increased understanding in real time situations; • Improved communication between parties involved; • Increased efficiency.

  • Published: 2019-06-06
  • Corporate Author(s): Eurostat (European Commission)
  • Subject: access to information, crisis management, decision-making, dissemination of information, exchange of information, geographical information system, information technology applications, statistics