amending, for the purposes of their adaptation to technical progress, Council Directives 80/720/EEC, 86/298/EEC, 86/415/EEC and 87/402/EEC and Directives 2000/25/EC and 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Council Directive 80/720/EEC of 24 June 1980 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the operating space, access to the driving position and the doors and windows of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (1), in particular Article 3 thereof,
Having regard to Council Directive 86/298/EEC of 26 May 1986 on rear-mounted roll-over protection structures of narrow-tracked wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (2), and in particular Article 12 thereof,
Having regard to Council Directive 86/415/EEC of 24 July 1986 on the installation, location, operation and identification of the controls of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (3), and in particular Article 4 thereof,
Having regard to Council Directive 87/402/EEC of 25 June 1987 on roll-over protection structures mounted in front of the driver’s seat in wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (4), and in particular Article 11 thereof,
Having regard to Directive 2000/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2000 on action to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by engines intended to power agricultural or forestry tractors and amending Council Directive 74/150/EEC (5), and in particular Article 7 thereof,
Having regard to Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units and repealing Directive 74/150/EEC (6), and in particular points (a) and (b) of Article 19(1) thereof,
Whereas:
(1)
As concerns Directive 80/720/EEC, it is appropriate to clarify which windows may be designated as emergency exits.
(2)
As concerns Directive 86/415/EEC, in order to improve safety of tractors it is suitable to specify safety requirements for the external controls of the power take-off.
(3)
As concerns Directive 86/415/EEC, the use of pictorials according to standards ISO 3767-1:1996 and ISO 3767-2:1996 as symbols for the controls should be allowed in order to adapt Community standards to the standards applied in the framework of controls of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors worldwide.
(4)
As concerns Directive 2000/25/EC, certain additional indications need to be specified in order to be consistent with the introduction of new stage limits (IIIA, IIIB and IV), introduced by Commission Directive 2005/13/EC (7).
(5)
As concerns Directive 2003/37/EC, a more precise wording for some points in the information documents should be included for reasons of clarity.
(6)
As concerns Directives 2003/37/EC, 86/298/EEC and 87/402/EEC, in view of the fact that OECD Decision C(2005) 1 of the OECD Council was most recently amended by Decision C(2008) 128 of October 2008, it is appropriate to update the references to the OECD codes. For reasons of legal certainty it is necessary to include the relevant texts of such OECD documents in the Directives.
(7)
Directives, 80/720/EEC, 86/298/EEC, 86/415/EEC, 87/402/EEC, 2000/25/EC and 2003/37/EC should be amended accordingly.
(8)
The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee established under Article 20(1) of Directive 2003/37/EC,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
Amendments to Directive 80/720/EEC
Directive 80/720/EEC is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Directive.
Article 2
Amendment to Directive 86/298/EEC
Directive 86/298/EEC is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Directive.
Article 3
Amendment to Directive 86/415/EEC
Directive 86/415/EEC is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Directive.
Article 4
Amendment to Directive 87/402/EEC
Directive 87/402/EEC is amended in accordance with Annex IV to this Directive.
Article 5
Amendment to Directive 2000/25/EC
Directive 2000/25/EC is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Directive.
Article 6
Amendment to Directive 2003/37/EC
Directive 2003/37/EC is amended as follows:
1.
in Article 12(4), the words ‘test bulletin’ are replaced by ‘test report’
[concerns only the English version];
2.
Annexes I and II are amended in accordance with Annex VI to this Directive.
Article 7
Transposition
1. Member States shall adopt and publish, by 30 April 2011 at the latest, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the texts of those provisions.
They shall apply those provisions from 1 May 2011, with the exception of Article 5 which they shall apply from the date of entry into force of this Directive.
When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.
2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 8
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC is amended as follows:
1.
point III.4 is deleted;
2.
in point III.5 the following subparagraph is added:
‘Any window of sufficient size may be designated as an emergency exit if they are made of breakable glass and can be broken with a tool provided in the cab for that purpose. Glass referred to in Appendices 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Annex III B to Council Directive 89/173/EEC (*1) is not considered to be breakable glass for the purpose of this Directive.
The definitions and requirements of point 1 of Code 7 (*1) of OECD Decision C(2008) 128 of October 2008, with the exception of point 1.1 (Agricultural and forestry tractors), shall apply, reading as follows:
“1. Definitions
1.1 [not applicable]
1.2 Rolling Over Protective Structure (ROPS)
Roll-over protective structure (safety cab or frame), hereinafter called ‘protective structure’, means the structure on a tractor the essential purpose of which is to avoid or limit risks to the driver resulting from roll-over of the tractor during normal use.
The roll-over protective structure is characterized by the provision of space for a clearance zone large enough to protect the driver when seated either inside the envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edges of the structure to any part of the tractor that might come into contact with flat ground and that is capable of supporting the tractor in that position if the tractor overturns.
1.3 Track
1.3.1 Preliminary definition: median plane of the wheel
The median plane of the wheel is equidistant from the two planes containing the periphery of the rims at their outer edges.
1.3.2 Definition of track
The vertical plane through the wheel axis intersects its median plane along a straight line which meets the supporting surface at one point. If A and B are the two points thus defined for the wheels on the same axle of the tractor, then the track width is the distance between points A and B. The track may be thus defined for both front and rear wheels. Where there are twin wheels, the track is the distance between two planes each being the median plane of the pairs of wheels.
1.3.3 Additional definition: median plane of the tractor
Take the extreme positions of points A and B for the tractor rear axle, which gives the maximum possible value for the track. The vertical plane at right angles to the line AB at its centre point is the median plane of the tractor.
1.4 Wheelbase
The distance between the vertical planes passing through the two lines AB as defined above, one for the front wheels and one for the rear-wheels.
1.5 Determination of seat index point; Seat adjustment for test
The seat index point shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5353:1995
1.5.2 Seat location and adjustment for test
1.5.2.1
where the inclination of the backrest and seat pan is adjustable, these must be adjusted so that the seat index point is in its rear uppermost position;
1.5.2.2
where the seat is equipped with suspension, the latter must be blocked at mid-travel, unless this is contrary to the instructions clearly laid down by the seat manufacturer;
1.5.2.3
where the position of the seat is adjustable only lengthwise and vertically, the longitudinal axis passing through the seat index point shall be parallel with the vertical longitudinal plane of the tractor passing through the centre of the steering wheel and not more than 100 mm from that plane.
1.6 Clearance zone
1.6.1 Reference plane
The clearance zone is illustrated in Figures 7.1 and 7.2. The zone is defined in relation to the reference plane and the seat index point (SIP). The reference plane is a vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the seat index point and the centre of the steering wheel. Normally the reference plane coincides with the longitudinal median plane of the tractor. This reference plane shall be assumed to move horizontally with the seat and steering wheel during loading but to remain perpendicular to the tractor or the floor of the roll-over protective structure. The clearance zone shall be defined on the basis of sub clauses 1.6.2 and 1.6.3.
1.6.2 Determination of the clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat
The clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat is defined in 1.6.2.1 to 1.6.2.13 below and is bounded by the following planes, the tractor being on a horizontal surface, the seat, where adjustable, adjusted to its rear uppermost position (*3), and the steering wheel, where adjustable, adjusted to the mid-position for seated driving:
1.6.2.1.
a horizontal plane A1 B1 B2 A2, (810 + av) mm above the seat index point (SIP) with line B1B2 located (ah–10) mm behind the SIP;
1.6.2.2.
an inclined plane H1 H2 G2 G1, perpendicular to the reference plane, including both a point 150 mm behind line B1B2 and the rearmost point of the seat backrest;
1.6.2.3.
a cylindrical surface A1 A2 H2 H1 perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 120 mm, tangential to the planes defined in 1.6.2.1 and 1.6.2.2 above;
1.6.2.4.
a cylindrical surface B1 C1 C2 B2, perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 900 mm extending forward for 400 mm and tangential to the plane defined in 1.6.2.1 above along line B1B2;
1.6.2.5.
an inclined plane C1 D1 D2 C2, perpendicular to the reference plane, joining the surface defined in 1.6.2.4 above and passing 40 mm from the forward external edge of the steering wheel. In the case of a high steering wheel position, this plane extends forward from line B1B2 tangentially to the surface defined in 1.6.2.4 above;
1.6.2.6.
a vertical plane D1 K1 E1 E2 K2 D2 perpendicular to the reference plane 40 mm forward of the external edge of the steering wheel;
1.6.2.7.
a horizontal plane E1 F1 P1 N1 N2 P2 F2 E2 passing through a point (90–av) mm below the seat index point (SIP);
1.6.2.8.
a surface G1 L1 M1 N1 N2 M2 L2 G2, if necessary curved from the bottom limit of the plane defined in 1.6.2.2 above to the horizontal plane defined in 1.6.2.7 above, perpendicular to the reference plane, and in contact with the seat backrest throughout its length;
1.6.2.9.
two vertical planes K1 I1 F1 E1 and K2 I2 F2 E2 parallel to the reference plane, 250 mm either side of the reference plane, and bounded at the top 300 mm above the plane defined in 1.6.2.7 above;
1.6.2.10.
two inclined and parallel planes A1 B1 C1 D1 K1 I1 L1 G1 H1 and A2 B2 C2 D2 K2 I2 L2 G2 H2 starting from the upper edge of the planes defined in 1.6.2.9 above and joining the horizontal plane defined in 1.6.2.1 above at least 100 mm from the reference plane on the side where the loading is applied;
1.6.2.11.
two portions of vertical planes Q1 P1 N1 M1 and Q2 P2 N2 M2 parallel to the reference plane, 200 mm either side of the reference plane, and bounded towards the top 300 mm above the horizontal plane defined in 1.6.2.7 above;
1.6.2.12.
two portions of I1 Q1 P1 F1 and I2 Q2 P2 F2 of a vertical plane, perpendicular to the reference plane and passing (210–ah) mm in front of the SIP;
1.6.2.13.
two portions I1 Q1 M1 L1 and I2 Q2 M2 L2 of the horizontal plane passing 300 mm above the plane defined in 1.6.2.7 above.
1.6.3 Determination of the clearance zone for tractors with a reversible driver’s position
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the zone of clearance is the envelope of the two clearance zones defined by the two different positions of the steering wheel and the seat.
1.6.4 Optional seats
1.6.4.1
In case of tractors that could be fitted with optional seats, the envelope comprising the seat index points of all options offered shall be used during the tests. The protective structure shall not enter the larger clearance zone which takes account of these different seat index points.
1.6.4.2
In the case where a new seat option is offered after the test has been performed, a determination shall be made to see whether the clearance zone around the new SIP falls within the envelope previously established. If it does not, a new test must be performed.
1.7 Permissible measurement tolerances
Linear dimension
:
± 3 mm
except for
—
tyre deflection
:
± 1 mm
—
structure deflection during horizontal loadings
:
± 1 mm
—
height of fall of the pendulum block
:
± 1 mm
Masses
:
± 1 %
Forces
:
± 2 %
Angles
:
± 2°
1.8 Symbols
ah
(mm)
Half of the horizontal seat adjustment
av
(mm)
Half of the vertical seat adjustment
B
(mm)
Minimum overall width of the tractor
B6
(mm)
Maximum outer width of the protective structure
D
(mm)
Deflection of the structure at the point of impact (dynamic tests) or at the point of, and in line with, the load application (static tests)
D′
(mm)
Deflection of the structure for the calculated energy required
Ea
(J)
Strain energy absorbed at point when load is removed. Area contained within F-D curve
Ei
(J)
Strain energy absorbed. Area under F-D curve
E′i
(J)
Strain energy absorbed after additional loading following a crack or tear
E′′i
(J)
Strain energy absorbed in overload test in the event of the load having been removed before starting this overload test. Area under F-D curve
Eil
(J)
Energy input to be absorbed during longitudinal loading
Eis
(J)
Energy input to be absorbed during side loading
F
(N)
Static load force
F′
(N)
Loading force for calculated energy required, corresponding to E′i
F-D
Force/deflection diagram
Fmax
(N)
Maximum static load force occurring during loading, with the exception of the overload
Fv
(N)
Vertical crushing force
H
(mm)
Falling height of the pendulum block (dynamic tests)
H′
(mm)
Falling height of the pendulum block for additional test (dynamic tests)
I
(kgm2)
Tractor reference moment of inertia about the centre line of the rear wheels, whatever the mass of these rear wheels may be
L
(mm)
Tractor reference wheelbase
M
(mm)
Tractor reference mass during strength tests, as defined in section 3.1.1.4. of Annex II
(*2) For extension tests to test reports that originally used seat reference point (SRP), the required measurements shall be made with reference to SRP instead of SIP and the use of SRP shall be clearly indicated (see Annex 1)."
(*3) Users are reminded that the seat index point is determined according to ISO 5353 and is a fixed point with respect to the tractor that does not move as the seat is adjusted away from the mid-position. For purposes of determining the clearance zone, the seat shall be placed in the rear and uppermost position.” ’
"
(*1) OECD standard code for the official testing of rear-mounted roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors."
(*2) For extension tests to test reports that originally used seat reference point (SRP), the required measurements shall be made with reference to SRP instead of SIP and the use of SRP shall be clearly indicated (see Annex 1)."
(*3) Users are reminded that the seat index point is determined according to ISO 5353 and is a fixed point with respect to the tractor that does not move as the seat is adjusted away from the mid-position. For purposes of determining the clearance zone, the seat shall be placed in the rear and uppermost position.” ’
"
2.
Annex II is replaced by the following
‘ANNEX II
Technical requirements
The technical requirements for the EC type-approval of rear-mounted roll-over protection structures of narrow-track wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors shall be those set out in point 3 of Code 7 of the OECD Decision C(2008) 128 of October 2008, with the exception of points 3.1.4 (Test report), 3.3.1 (Administrative extensions), 3.4 (Labeling) and 3.6 (Seat belt anchorage performance), reading as follows:
“3. RULES AND DIRECTIONS
3.1 Conditions for testing the strength of protective structures and of their attachment to tractors
3.1.1 General requirements
3.1.1.1 Test purposes
Tests made using special rigs are intended to simulate such loads as are imposed on a protective structure, when the tractor overturns. These tests enable observations to be made on the strength of the protective structure and any brackets attaching it to the tractor and any parts of the tractor which transmit the test load.
3.1.1.2 Test methods
Tests may be performed in accordance with the dynamic procedure or the static procedure. The two methods are deemed equivalent.
3.1.1.3 General rules governing preparation for tests
3.1.1.3.1
The protective structure must conform to the series production specifications. It shall be attached in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended method to one of the tractors for which it is designed.
Note: A complete tractor is not required for the static strength test; however, the protective structure and parts of the tractor to which it is attached represent an operating installation, hereinafter referred to as ‘the assembly’.
3.1.1.3.2
For both the static test and the dynamic test the tractor as assembled (or the assembly) must be fitted with all series production components which may affect the strength of the protective structure or which may be necessary for the strength test.
Components which may create a hazard in the clearance zone must also be fitted on the tractor (or the assembly) so that they may be examined to see whether the requirements of the Acceptance Conditions in 3.1.3 have been fulfilled. All components of the tractor or the protective structure including weather protective must be supplied or described on drawings.
3.1.1.3.3
For the strength tests, all panels and detachable non-structural components must be removed so that they may not contribute to the strengthening of the protective structure.
3.1.1.3.4
The track width must be adjusted so that the protective structure will, as far as possible, not be supported by the tyres during the strength tests. If these tests are conducted in accordance with the static procedure, the wheels may be removed.
3.1.1.4 Tractor reference mass during strength tests
The reference mass M, used in the formulae to calculate the height of the fall of the pendulum block, the loading energies and the crushing forces, must be at least the mass of the tractor, excluding optional accessories but including coolant, oils, fuel, tools plus the protective structure. Not included are optional front or rear weights, tyre ballast, mounted implements, mounted equipment or any specialised components.
3.1.2 Tests
3.1.2.1 Sequence of tests
The sequence of tests, without prejudice to the additional tests mentioned in sections 3.2.1.1.6, 3.2.1.1.7, 3.2.2.1.6 and 3.2.2.1.7, is as follows:
1.
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the rear of the structure (see 3.2.1.1.1 and 3.2.2.1.1);
2.
rear crushing test (dynamic or static test) (see 3.2.1.1.4 and 3.2.2.1.4);
3.
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the front of the structure (see 3.2.1.1.2 and 3.2.2.1.2);
4.
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the side of the structure (see 3.2.1.1.3 and 3.2.2.1.3);
5.
crushing at the front of the structure (dynamic or static test) (see 3.2.1.1.5 and 3.2.2.1.5).
3.1.2.2 General requirements
3.1.2.2.1
If, during the test, any part of the tractor restraining equipment breaks or moves, the test shall be restarted.
3.1.2.2.2
No repairs or adjustments of the tractor or protective structure may be carried out during the tests.
3.1.2.2.3
The tractor gear box shall be in neutral and the brakes off during the tests.
3.1.2.2.4
If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system between the tractor body and the wheels, it shall be blocked during the tests.
3.1.2.2.5
The side chosen for application of the first impact (dynamic test) or the first load (static test) on the rear of the structure shall be that which, in the opinion of the testing authorities, will result in the application of the series of impacts or loads under the most unfavourable conditions for the structure. The lateral impact or load and the rear impact or load shall be applied on both sides of the longitudinal median plane of the protective structure. The front impact or load shall be applied on the same side of the longitudinal median plane of the protective structure as the lateral impact or load.
3.1.3 Acceptance conditions
3.1.3.1
A protective structure is regarded as having satisfied the strength requirements if it fulfils the following conditions:
3.1.3.1.1
after each test in the dynamic test procedure, it shall be free from tears or cracks, as defined in 3.2.1.2.1. If during the dynamic test, significant tears or cracks appear, an additional impact test or crushing test as defined in 3.2.1.1.6 or 3.2.1.1.7 must be performed immediately after the test which caused these tears or cracks to appear;
3.1.3.1.2
during static test, at the point when the energy required is attained in each horizontal load test prescribed or in the overload test the force must be greater than 0,8 F;
3.1.3.1.3
if during a static test, cracks or tears appear as a result of the application of the crushing force, an additional crushing test as defined in 3.2.2.1.7 must be performed immediately after the crushing test which caused these cracks or tears to appear;
3.1.3.1.4
during the tests other than the overload test, no part of the protective structure must enter the clearance zone as defined in 1.6 of Annex I;
3.1.3.1.5
during the tests other than the overload test, all parts of the clearance zone shall be secured by the structure, in accordance with 3.2.1.2.2 and 3.2.2.2.2;
3.1.3.1.6
during the tests the protective structure must not impose any constraints on the seat structure;
3.1.3.1.7
the elastic deflection, measured in accordance with 3.2.1.2.3 and 3.2.2.2.3 shall be less than 250 mm.
3.1.3.2
There shall be no accessories presenting a hazard for the driver. There shall be no projecting part or accessory which is liable to injure the driver should the tractor overturn, or any accessory or part which is liable to trap him – for example by the leg or the foot – as a result of the deflections of the structure.
3.1.4 [not applicable]
3.1.5 Apparatus and equipment for dynamic tests
3.1.5.1 Pendulum block
3.1.5.1.1
A block acting as a pendulum must be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from pivot points not less than 6 m above the ground. Means must be provided for adjusting independently the suspended height of the block and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes.
3.1.5.1.2
The mass of the pendulum block must be 2 000 ± 20 kg excluding the mass of the chains or wire ropes which themselves must not exceed 100 kg. The length of the sides of the impact face must be 680 ± 20 mm (see Figure 7.3). The block must be filled in such a way that the position of its centre of gravity is constant and coincides with the geometrical centre of the parallelepiped.
3.1.5.1.3
The parallelepiped must be connected to the system which pulls it backwards by an instantaneous release mechanism which is so designed and located as to enable the pendulum block to be released without causing the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to the pendulum’s plane of oscillation.
3.1.5.2 Pendulum supports
The pendulum pivot points must be rigidly fixed so that their displacement in any direction does not exceed 1 per cent of the height of fall.
3.1.5.3 Lashings
3.1.5.3.1
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for lashing the tractor in all the cases illustrated (see Figures 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6) must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base beneath the pendulum.
3.1.5.3.2
The tractor shall be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round strand, fibre core, construction 6 × 19 in accordance with ISO 2408:2004 and a nominal diameter of 13 mm. The metal strands must have an ultimate tensile strength of 1 770 MPa.
3.1.5.3.3
The central pivot of an articulated tractor shall be supported and lashed down as appropriate for all tests. For the lateral impact test, the pivot shall also be propped from the side opposite the impact. The front and rear wheels need not be in line if this facilitates the attachment of the wire ropes in the appropriate manner.
3.1.5.4 Wheel prop and beam
3.1.5.4.1
A softwood beam of 150 mm square shall be used as a prop for the wheels during the impact tests (see Figures 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6).
3.1.5.4.2
During the lateral impact tests, a softwood beam shall be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the wheel opposite the side of impact (see Figure 7.6).
3.1.5.5 Props and lashings for articulated tractors
3.1.5.5.1
Additional props and lashings must be used for articulated tractors. Their purpose is to ensure that the section of the tractor on which the protective structure is fitted is as rigid as that of a non-articulated tractor.
3.1.5.5.2
Additional specific details are given in section 3.2.1.1 for the impact and crushing tests.
3.1.5.6 Tyre pressures and deflections
3.1.5.6.1
The tractor tyres shall not be liquid-ballasted and shall be inflated to the pressures prescribed by the tractor manufacturer for field work.
3.1.5.6.2
The lashings shall be tensioned in each particular case such that the tyres undergo a deflection equal to 12 per cent of the tyre wall height (distance between the ground and the lowest point of the rim) before tensioning.
3.1.5.7 Crushing rig
A rig as shown in Figure 7.7 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
3.1.5.8 Measuring apparatus
The following measuring apparatus is needed:
3.1.5.8.1
device for measuring the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection, see Figure 7.8).
3.1.5.8.2
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure’s protective during the test (see section 3.2.2.2.2).
3.1.6 Apparatus and equipment for static tests
3.1.6.1 Static testing rig
3.1.6.1.1
The static testing rig must be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts or loads to be applied to the protective structure.
3.1.6.1.2
Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed normal to the direction of loading and along a flange having a length of one of the exact multiples of 50 between 250 and 700 mm. The stiff beam shall have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm. The edges of the beam in contact with the protective structure shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm.
3.1.6.1.3
The pad shall be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the load direction, in order to be able to follow the angular variations of the structure’s load-bearing surface as the structure deflects.
3.1.6.1.4
Direction of the force (deviation from horizontal and vertical):
—
at start of test, under zero load: ± 2°,
—
during test, under load: 10° above and 20° below the horizontal. These variations must be kept to a minimum.
3.1.6.1.5
The deflection rate shall be sufficiently slow, less than 5 mm/s so that the load may at all moments be considered as static.
3.1.6.2 Apparatus for measuring the energy absorbed by the structure
3.1.6.2.1
The force versus deflection curve shall be plotted in order to determine the energy absorbed by the structure. There is no need to measure the force and deflection at the point where the load is applied to the structure; however, force and deflection shall be measured simultaneously and co-linearly.
3.1.6.2.2
The point of origin of deflection measurements shall be selected so as to take account only of the energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the deflection of certain parts of the tractor. The energy absorbed by the deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring must be ignored.
3.1.6.3 Means of anchoring the tractor to the ground
3.1.6.3.1
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for anchoring the tractor in all the cases illustrated must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base near the testing rig.
3.1.6.3.2
The tractor must be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates, wedges, wire ropes, jacks, etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests. This requirement shall be checked during the test, by means of the usual devices for measuring length.
If the tractor moves, the entire test shall be repeated, unless the system for measuring the deflections taken into account for plotting the force versus deflection curve is connected to the tractor.
3.1.6.4 Crushing rig
A rig as shown in Figure 7.7 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide, connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands must be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
3.1.6.5 Other measuring apparatus
The following measure devices are also needed:
3.1.6.5.1
device for measuring the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection, see Figure 7.8).
3.1.6.5.2
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure’s protective during the test (section 3.3.2.2.2).
3.2 Test procedures
3.2.1 Dynamic tests
3.2.1.1 Impact and crushing tests
3.2.1.1.1 Impact at the rear
3.2.1.1.1.1
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with the vertical plane A equal to M/100 with a 20° maximum, unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms a greater angle to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at the angle defined above.
The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plan parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.2.1.1.1.2
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 7.4. The spacing between the front and rear lashing points must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in 3.1.5.6.2. With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
3.2.1.1.1.3
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
3.2.1.1.1.4
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae:
H = 2,165 × 10–8 M L2
or
H = 5,73 × 10–2 I
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.2.1.1.1.5
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the height shall be whichever is greater of either of the above or either of the following:
H = 25 + 0,07 M
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg;
H = 125 + 0,02 M
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
3.2.1.1.2 Impact at the front
3.2.1.1.2.1
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with the vertical plane A equal to M/100 with a 20° maximum, unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms a greater angle to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at the angle defined above.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and the necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.2.1.1.2.2
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 7.5. The spacing between the front and rear lashing points must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in 3.1.5.6.2. With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed behind and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
3.2.1.1.2.3
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
3.2.1.1.2.4
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = 25 + 0,07 M
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg;
H = 125 + 0,02 M
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.2.1.1.2.5
In case of tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel):
—
if the protective structure is a rear two-post rollbar, the above formula shall apply,
—
for other types of protective structure, the height shall be whichever is greater from the formula applied above and that selected below:
H = 2,165 × 10–8 ML2
or
H = 5,73 × 10–2 I
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.2.1.1.3 Impact from the side
3.2.1.1.3.1
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are vertical unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms an angle of less than 20° to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining vertical on impact.
3.2.1.1.3.2
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
3.2.1.1.3.3
The point of impact shall be that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge. Unless it is certain that another part of this edge would hit ground first, the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to the median plane and passing 60 mm in front of the seat index point, the seat being set at the mid-position of longitudinal adjustment.
3.2.1.1.3.4
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to the median plane and passing at the midpoint of the segment joining the two seat index points defined by joining the two different positions of the seat. For protective structures having a two-post system, the impact shall be located on one of the two posts.
3.2.1.1.3.5
The tractor wheels on the side which is to receive the impact must be lashed to the ground by means of wire ropes passing over the corresponding ends of the front and rear axles. The wire ropes must be tensioned to produce the tyre deflection values given in 3.1.5.6.2.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed on the ground, pushed tight against the tyres on the side opposite that which is to receive the impact and then fixed to the ground. It may be necessary to use two beams or wedges if the outer sides of the front and rear tyres are not in the same vertical plane. The prop shall then be placed as indicated in Figure 7.6 against the rim of the most heavily loaded wheel opposite to the point of impact, pushed firmly against the rim and then fixed at its base. The length of the prop shall be such that it makes an angle of 30 ± 3° with the ground when in position against the rim. In addition, its thickness shall, if possible, be between 20 and 25 times less than its length and between 2 and 3 times less than its width. The props shall be shaped at both ends as shown in the details on Figure 7.6.
3.2.1.1.3.6
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and laterally supported by a device similar to the prop pushed against the rear wheel as in 3.2.1.1.3.2. The point of articulation shall then be lashed firmly to the ground.
3.2.1.1.3.7
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = 25 + 0,20 M
for tractors with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg;
H = 125 + 0,15 M
for tractors with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
3.2.1.1.3.8
In case of tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel):
—
if the protective structure is a rear two-post rollbar, the selected height shall be whichever is greater from the formulae applicable above and below:
H = (25 + 0,20 M) (B6 + B) / 2B
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg;
H = (125 + 0,15 M) (B6 + B) / 2B
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
—
for other types of protective structures, the selected height shall be whichever is greater from the formulae applicable above and below:
H = 25 + 0,20 M
for tractor with a reference mass less than 2 000 kg;
H = 125 + 0,15 M
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.2.1.1.4 Crushing at the rear
The beam shall be positioned over the rear uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant of crushing forces shall be located in the tractor’s median plane A force Fv shall be applied where:
Fv = 20 M
The force Fv shall be maintained for five seconds after the cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.
Where the rear part of the protective structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned.
The force shall then be removed, and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure which would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force Fv shall then be applied again.
3.2.1.1.5 Crushing at the front
The beam shall be positioned across the front uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant of crushing forces shall be located in the tractor’s median plane. A force Fv shall be applied where:
Fv = 20 M
The force Fv shall be maintained for five seconds after the cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.
Where the front part of the protective structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned.
The force shall then be removed, and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure which would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force Fv shall then be applied again.
3.2.1.1.6 Additional impact tests
If cracks or tears which cannot be considered negligible appear during an impact test, a second, similar test, but with a height of fall of:
H’ = (H × 10–1) (12 + 4a) (1 + 2a)–1
shall be performed immediately after the impact tests causing these tears or cracks to appear, “a” being the ratio of the permanent deformation (Dp) to the elastic deformation (De):
a = Dp / De
as measured at the point of impact. The additional permanent deformation due to the second impact shall not exceed 30 per cent of the permanent deformation due to the first impact.
In order to be able to carry out the additional test, it is necessary to measure the elastic deformation during all the impact tests.
3.2.1.1.7 Additional crushing tests
If during a crushing test, significant cracks or tears appear, a second, similar, crushing test, but with a force equal to 1,2 Fv shall be performed immediately after the crushing tests which caused these tears or cracks to appear.
3.2.1.2 Measurements to be made
3.2.1.2.1 Fractures and cracks
After each test all structural members, joints and fastening systems shall be visually examined for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored.
Any tears caused by the edges of the pendulum weight are to be ignored.
3.2.1.2.2 Entry into the clearance zone
During each test the protective structure shall be examined to see whether any part it has entered a clearance zone round the driving seat as defined in 1.6.
Furthermore, the clearance zone shall not be outside the protection of the protective structure. For this purpose, it shall be considered to be outside the protection of the structure if any part of it would come in contact with flat ground if the tractor overturned towards the direction from which the test load is applied. For estimating this, the front and rear tyres and track width setting shall be the smallest standard fitting specified by the manufacturer.
3.2.1.2.3 Elastic deflection (under side impact)
The elastic deflection shall be measured (810 + av) mm above the seat index point, in the vertical plane in which the load is applied. For this measurement, any apparatus similar to that illustrated in Figure 7.8 may be used.
3.2.1.2.4 Permanent deflection
After the final crushing test, the permanent deflection of the protective structure shall be recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protective structure members in relation to the seat index point shall be used.
3.2.2 Static tests
3.2.2.1 Loading and crushing tests
3.2.2.1.1 Loading at the rear
3.2.2.1.1.1
The load shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor’s median plane.
The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The vertical plane in which the load is applied shall be located at a distance of one third of the external width of the upper part of the structure from the median plane.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied thereon shall be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.2.2.1.1.2
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3.1.6.3.
3.2.2.1.1.3
The energy absorbed by the protective structure during the test shall be at least:
Eil = 2,165 × 10–7 M L2
or
Eil = 0,574 × I
3.2.2.1.1.4
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the energy shall be whichever is the higher of the formula selected above or the followisng:
Eil = 500 + 0,5 M
3.2.2.1.2 Loading at the front
3.2.2.1.2.1
The load shall be applied horizontally in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor’s median plane. The point of application shall be that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturns sideways while travelling forward, i.e. normally the upper edge. The point of application of the load shall be 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied thereon shall be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.2.2.1.2.2
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3.1.6.3.
3.2.2.1.2.3
The energy absorbed by the protective structure during the test shall be at least:
Eil = 500 + 0,5 M
3.2.2.1.2.4
In case of tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel):
—
if the protective structure is a rear two-post rollbar the preceding formula shall also apply,
—
for other types of protective structures, the energy shall be whichever is the higher of the above or either of the following as selected:
Eil = 2,165 × 10–7 ML2
or
Eil = 0,574 I
3.2.2.1.3 Loading from the side
3.2.2.1.3.1
The side loading shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the tractor’s median plane passing 60 mm in front of the seat index point, the seat being at the mid-position of the longitudinal adjustment. The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge.
3.2.2.1.3.2
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3.1.6.3.
3.2.2.1.3.3
The energy absorbed by the protective structure during the test shall be at least:
Eis = 1,75 M
3.2.2.1.3.4
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the load application point shall be in the plane at right angles to the median plane and passing at the midpoint of the segment joining the two seat index points defined by joining the two different positions of the seat. For protective structures having a two-post system, the load shall be located on one of the two posts.
3.2.2.1.3.5
In case of tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel) where the protective structure is a rear two-post rollbar, the energy shall be whichever is higher of the following:
Eis = 1,75 M
or
Eis = 1,75 M (B6 + B)/2B
3.2.2.1.4 Crushing at the rear
All provisions are identical to those given in 3.2.1.1.4.
3.2.2.1.5 Crushing at the front
All provisions are identical to those given in 3.2.1.1.5.
3.2.2.1.6 Additional overload test (Figures 7.9 to 7.11)
An overload test shall be carried out in all cases where the force decreases by more than 3 per cent during the last 5 per cent of the deflection reached when the energy required is absorbed by the structure (see Figure 7.10).
The overload test involves the gradual increase of the horizontal load by increments of 5 per cent of the initial energy requirement up to a maximum of 20 per cent of energy added (see Figure 7.11).
The overload test is satisfactory if, after each increase by 5, 10, or 15 per cent in the energy required, the force decreases by less than 3 per cent for a 5 per cent increment and remains greater than 0,8 Fmax.
The overload test is satisfactory if, after the structure has absorbed 20 per cent of the added energy, the force exceeds 0,8 Fmax.
Additional cracks or tears and/or entry into or lack of protective of the clearance zone due to elastic deflection are permitted during the overload test. However, after the removal of the load, the structure shall not enter the clearance zone, which shall be completely protected.
3.2.2.1.7 Additional crushing tests
If cracks or tears which cannot be considered as negligible appear during a crushing test, a second, similar crushing, but with a force of 1,2 Fv shall be applied immediately after the crushing test which caused the cracks or tears to appear.
3.2.2.2 Measurements to be made
3.2.2.2.1 Fractures and cracks
After each test all structural members, joints and attachment systems shall be visually examined for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored.
3.2.2.2.2 Entry into the clearance zone
During each test the protective structure shall be examined to see whether any part of it has entered a clearance zone as defined in 1.6 of Annex I.
In addition, an examination shall be made to determine whether any part of the clearance zone is outside the protection of the structure. For this purpose it is considered to be outside the protection of the roll-over protective structure if any part of it would have come in contact with the ground plane if the tractor had overturned in the direction from which the impact came. For this purpose the front and rear tyres and track setting are assumed to be the smallest specified by the manufacturer.
3.2.2.2.3 Elastic deflection under side loading
The elastic deflection shall be measured (810 + av) mm above the seat index point, in the vertical plane in which the load is applied. For this measurement, any apparatus similar to that illustrated in Figure 7.8 may be used.
3.2.2.2.4 Permanent deflection
After the final crushing test, the permanent deflection of the protective structure shall be recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protective structure members in relation to the seat index point shall be used.
Extension to other tractor models
3.3.1 [not applicable]
3.3.2 Technical extension
When technical modifications occur on the tractor, the protective structure or the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor, the testing station that has carried out the original test can issue a ‘technical extension report’ in the following cases:
3.3.2.1 Extension of the structural test results to other models of tractors
The impact and crushing tests need not be carried out on each model of tractor, provided that the protective structure and tractor comply with the conditions referred to hereunder 3.3.2.1.1 to 3.3.2.1.5.
3.3.2.1.1
The structure shall be identical to the one tested.
3.3.2.1.2
The required energy shall not exceed the energy calculated for the original test by more than 5 per cent.
3.3.2.1.3
The method of attachment and the tractor components to which the attachment is made shall be identical.
3.3.2.1.4
Any components such as mudguards and bonnet that may provide support for the protective structure shall be identical.
3.3.2.1.5
The position and critical dimensions of the seat in the protective structure and the relative position of the protective structure on the tractor shall be such that the clearance zone would have remained within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests (this shall be checked by using the same reference of clearance zone as in the original test report, respectively Seat Reference Point [SRP] or Seat Index Point [SIP]).
3.3.2.2 Extension of the structural test results to modified models of the protective structure
This procedure has to be followed when the provisions of paragraph 3.3.2.1 are not fulfilled, it may not be used when the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor does not remain of the same principle (e.g. rubber supports replaced by a suspension device):
3.3.2.2.1
Modifications having no impact on the results of the initial test (e.g. weld attachment of the mounting plate of an accessory in a non-critical location on the structure), addition of seats with different SIP location in the protective structure (subject to checking that the new clearance zone(s) remain(s) within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests).
3.3.2.2.2
Modifications having a possible impact on the results of the original test without calling into question the acceptability of the protective structure (e.g. modification of a structural component, modification of the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor). A validation test can be carried out and the test results will be drafted in the extension report.
The following limits for this type extension are fixed:
3.3.2.2.2.1
no more than 5 extensions may be accepted without a validation test;
3.3.2.2.2.2
the results of the validation test will be accepted for extension if all the acceptance conditions of the Code are fulfilled and:
if the deflection measured after each impact test does not deviate from the deflection measured after each impact test in the original test report by more than ± 7 % (in case of a dynamic test);
if the force measured when the required energy level has been reached in the various horizontal load tests does not deviate from the force measured when the required energy has been reached in the original test by more than ± 7 % and the deflection measured (*4) when the required energy level has been reached in the various horizontal load tests does not deviate from the deflection measured when the required energy has been reached in the original test by more than ± 7 % (in case of a static test).
3.3.2.2.2.3
more than one protective structure modifications may be included in a single extension report if they represent different options of the same protective structure, but only one validation test can be accepted in a single extension report. The options not tested shall be described in a specific section of the extension report.
3.3.2.2.3
Increase of the reference mass declared by the manufacturer for a protective structure already tested. If the manufacturer wants to keep the same approval number it is possible to issue an extension report after having carried out a validation test (the limits of ± 7 % specified in 3.3.2.2.2.2 are not applicable in such a case).
3.4 [not applicable]
3.5 Cold weather performance of protective structures
3.5.1
If the protective structure is claimed to have properties resistant to cold weather embrittlement, the manufacturer shall give details that shall be included in the report.
3.5.2
The following requirements and procedures are intended to provide strength and resistance to brittle fracture at reduced temperatures. It is suggested that the following minimum material requirements shall be met in judging the protective structure’s suitability at reduced operating temperatures in those countries requiring this additional operating protection.
3.5.2.1
Bolts and Nuts used to attach the protective structure to the tractor and used to connect structural parts of the protective structure shall exhibit suitable controlled reduced temperature toughness properties.
3.5.2.2
All welding electrodes used in the fabrication of structural members and mounts shall be compatible with the protective structure material as given in 3.5.2.3 below.
3.5.2.3
Steel materials for structural members of the protective structure shall be of controlled toughness material exhibiting minimum Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements as shown in Table 7.1. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995.
Steel with an as-rolled thickness less than 2,5 mm and with a carbon content less than 0,2 per cent is considered to meet this requirement.
Structural members of the protective structure made from materials other than steel shall have equivalent low temperature impact resistance.
3.5.2.4
When testing the Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements, the specimen size shall be no less than the largest of the sizes stated in Table 7.1 that the material will permit.
3.5.2.5
The Charpy V-Notch tests shall be made in accordance with the procedure in ASTM A 370-1979, except for specimen sizes that shall be in accordance with the dimensions given in Table 7.1.
Alternatives to this procedure are the use of killed or semi-killed steel for which an adequate specification shall be provided. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995, Amd 1:2003.
3.5.2.7
Specimens are to be longitudinal and taken from flat stock, tubular or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the protective structure. Specimens from tubular or structural sections are to be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension and shall not include welds.
3.6 [not applicable]
Figure 7.1
Clearance zone
Figure 7.1.a
Side view
Section in reference plan
Figure 7.1.b
Rear view
Figure 7.1.c
Seen from above
Figure 7.2.a
Clearance zone for tractors with reversible seat position: two-post rollbar
Figure 7.2.b
Clearance zone for tractors with reversible seat position: other types of ROPS
Figure 7.3
Pendulum block and its suspending chains or wire ropes
(*4) Permanent + elastic deflection measured at the point when the required energy level is obtained.” ’
"
(*1) OECD standard code for the official testing of rear-mounted roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors.
(*2) For extension tests to test reports that originally used seat reference point (SRP), the required measurements shall be made with reference to SRP instead of SIP and the use of SRP shall be clearly indicated (see Annex 1).
(*3) Users are reminded that the seat index point is determined according to ISO 5353 and is a fixed point with respect to the tractor that does not move as the seat is adjusted away from the mid-position. For purposes of determining the clearance zone, the seat shall be placed in the rear and uppermost position.” ’
(*4) Permanent + elastic deflection measured at the point when the required energy level is obtained.” ’
’
(1) Indicates preferred size. Specimen size shall be no less than largest preferred size that the material permits.
(2) The energy requirement at – 20 °C is 2,5 times the value specified for – 30 °C. Other factors affect impact energy strength, i.e. direction of rolling, yield strength, grain orientation and welding. These factors shall be considered when selecting and using steel.
ANNEX III
Amendments to Directive 86/415/EEC
Directive 86/415/EEC is amended as follows:
1.
Annex II is amended as follows:
(a)
point 2.4.2.2.3. is replaced by the following:
‘2.4.2.2.3.
The three-point hydraulic lifting mechanism is actuated by means of controls which operate on the “hold-to-run principle”;’
(b)
the following point 2.5 is added:
‘2.5 Power Take-Off (PTO) control(s)
2.5.1. It shall not be possible to start the engine with the PTO engaged.
2.5.2. External controls
2.5.2.1
The controls must be laid out in such a way that the operator can actuate them from a safe place.
2.5.2.2
The control(s) shall be designed in a way which avoids unintentional actuation.
2.5.2.3
The start control shall work according to the “hold-to-run principle” for at least the first three seconds of actuation.
2.5.2.4
After actuating the control(s) the time delay to the intended operation shall not be more than the time for the technical engage/disengage system to operate. If this delay time is exceeded, an automatic deactivation of the PTO drive shall occur.
2.5.2.5
It shall always be possible to shut off the PTO(s) from the operator’s seat position as well as from the associated external control(s). The shut off is always an override control.
2.5.2.6
Interaction between external PTO control and operator’s seat position PTO control shall not be permitted.’
2.
Annex III is amended as follows:
—
Under symbol 1 insert ‘ISO 3767-1:1998, symbol 8.18 may be used as alternative’,
—
Under symbol 3 insert ‘ISO 3767-1:1998, symbol 8.19 may be used as alternative’,
—
Under symbol 6 insert ‘ISO 3767-2:1991, symbol 7.11 combined with ISO 3767-1:1998, symbol 7.1 to 7.5 may be used as alternative’,
—
Under symbol 7 insert ‘ISO 3767-2:1991, symbol 7.12 PTO display combined with ISO 3767-1:1991, symbol 7.1 to 7.5 may be used as alternative’.
ANNEX IV
Amendments to Directive 87/402/EEC
Directive 87/402/EEC is amended as follows:
1.
In Annex I, point 1 is replaced by the following:
‘1.
The definitions and requirements of point 1 of Code 6 (*1) of OECD Decision C(2008) 128 of October 2008, with the exception of point 1.1 (Agricultural and forestry tractors), shall apply, reading as follows:
“1. Definitions
1.1 [not applicable]
1.2 Rolling Over Protective Structure (ROPS)
Roll-over protective structure (safety cab or frame), hereinafter called ‘protective structure’, means the structure on a tractor the essential purpose of which is to avoid or limit risks to the driver resulting from roll-over of the tractor during normal use.
The roll-over protective structure is characterized by the provision of space for a clearance zone large enough to protect the driver when seated either inside the envelope of the structure or within a space bounded by a series of straight lines from the outer edges of the structure to any part of the tractor that might come into contact with flat ground and that is capable of supporting the tractor in that position if the tractor overturns.
1.3 Track
1.3.1 Preliminary definition: median plane of the wheel
The median plane of the wheel is equidistant from the two planes containing the periphery of the rims at their outer edges.
1.3.2 Definition of track
The vertical plane through the wheel axis intersects its median plane along a straight line which meets the supporting surface at one point. If A and B are the two points thus defined for the wheels on the same axle of the tractor, then the track width is the distance between points A and B. The track may be thus defined for both front and rear wheels. Where there are twin wheels, the track is the distance between two planes each being the median plane of the pairs of wheels.
1.3.3 Additional definition: median plane of the tractor
Take the extreme positions of points A and B for the tractor rear axle, which gives the maximum possible value for the track. The vertical plane at right angles to the line AB at its centre point is the median plane of the tractor.
1.4 Wheelbase
The distance between the vertical planes passing through the two lines AB as defined above, one for the front wheels and one for the rear-wheels.
1.5 Determination of seat index point; seat location and adjustment for test
The seat index point shall be determined in accordance with ISO 5353:1995
1.5.2 Seat location and adjustment for test
1.5.2.1
where the inclination of the backrest and seat pan is adjustable, these must be adjusted so that the seat index point is in its rear uppermost position;
1.5.2.2
where the seat is equipped with suspension, the latter must be blocked at mid-travel, unless this is contrary to the instructions clearly laid down by the seat manufacturer;
1.5.2.3
where the position of the seat is adjustable only lengthwise and vertically, the longitudinal axis passing through the seat index point shall be parallel with the vertical longitudinal plane of the tractor passing through the centre of the steering wheel and not more than 100 mm from that plane.
1.6 Clearance zone
1.6.1 Reference vertical plane and line
The clearance zone (Figure 6.1 in Annex II) is defined on the basis of a vertical reference plane and a reference line:
1.6.1.1
The reference plane is a vertical plane, generally longitudinal to the tractor and passing through the seat index point and the centre of the steering wheel. Normally the reference plane coincides with the longitudinal median plane of the tractor. This reference plane shall be assumed to move horizontally with the seat and steering wheel during loading but to remain perpendicular to the tractor or the floor of the roll-over protective structure.
1.6.1.2
The reference line is the line contained in the reference plane that passes through a point located 140 + ah rearward and 90 – av below the seat index point and the first point on the steering wheel rim that it intersects when brought to the horizontal.
1.6.2 Determination of the clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat
The clearance zone for tractors with a non-reversible seat is defined in 1.6.2.1 to1.6.2.11 below and is bounded by the following planes, the tractor being on a horizontal surface, the seat, where adjustable, adjusted to its rear uppermost position (*3), and the steering wheel, where adjustable, adjusted to the mid-position for seated driving:
1.6.2.1
two vertical planes 250 mm on either side of the reference plane, these vertical planes extending 300 mm upwards from the plane defined in 1.6.2.8 below and longitudinally at least 550 mm in front of the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane passing (210 – ah) mm in front of the seat index point;
1.6.2.2
two vertical planes 200 mm on either side of the reference plane, these vertical planes extending 300 mm upwards from the plane defined in 1.6.2.8 below and longitudinally from the surface defined in 1.6.2.11 below to the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane passing (210 – ah) mm in front of the seat index point;
1.6.2.3
an inclined plane perpendicular to the reference plane, parallel with and 400 mm above the reference line, extending backwards to the point where it intersects the vertical plane which is perpendicular to the reference plane and which passes through a point (140 + ah) mm rearward of the seat index point;
1.6.2.4
an inclined plane, perpendicular to the reference plane which meets the plane defined in 1.6.2.3 above at its rearmost edge and rests on the top of the seat back rest;
1.6.2.5
a vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane, passing at least 40 mm forward of the steering wheel and at least 760 – ah forward of the seat index point;
1.6.2.6
a cylindrical surface with its axis perpendicular to the reference plane, having a radius of 150 mm and tangential to the planes defined in 1.6.2.3 and 1.6.2.5;
1.6.2.7
two parallel inclined planes passing through the upper edges of the planes defined in 1.6.2.1 above with the inclined plane on the side where the impact is applied no closer than 100 mm to the reference plane above the zone of clearance;
1.6.2.8
a horizontal plane passing through a point 90 – av below the seat index point;
1.6.2.9
two portions of the vertical plane perpendicular to the reference plane passing 210 – ah forward of the seat index point, both these part planes joining respectively the rearmost limits of the planes defined in 1.6.2.1 above to the foremost limits of the planes defined in 1.6.2.2 above;
1.6.2.10
two portions of the horizontal plane passing 300 mm above plane defined in 1.6.2.8 above, both these part planes joining respectively the uppermost limits of the vertical planes defined in 1.6.2.2 above to the lowermost limits of the oblique planes defined in 1.6.2.7 above;
1.6.2.11
a surface, curved if necessary, whose generating line is perpendicular to the reference plane and rests on the back of the seat backrest.
1.6.3 Determination of the clearance zone for tractors with a reversible driver’s position
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the clearance zone is the envelope of the two clearance zones defined by the two different positions of the steering wheel and the seat.
1.6.4 Optional seats
1.6.4.1
In case of tractors that could be fitted with optional seats, the envelope comprising the seat index points of all options offered shall be used during the tests. The protective structure shall not enter the larger clearance zone which takes account of these different seat index points.
1.6.4.2
In the case where a new seat option is offered after the test has been performed, a determination shall be made to see whether the clearance zone around the new SIP falls within the envelope previously established. If it does not, a new test must be performed.
1.7 Permissible measurement tolerances
Linear dimensions
:
± 3 mm
except for
:
—
tyre deflection
:
± 1 mm
—
structure deflection during horizontal loadings
:
± 1 mm
—
height of fall of the pendulum block
:
± 1 mm
Masses
:
± 1 %
Forces
:
± 2 %
Angles
:
± 2°
1.8 Symbols
ah
(mm)
Half of the horizontal seat adjustment
av
(mm)
Half of the vertical seat adjustment
B
(mm)
Minimum overall width of the tractor
Bb
(mm)
Maximum outer width of the protective structure
D
(mm)
Deflection of the structure at the point of impact (dynamic tests) or at the point of, and in line with, the load application (static tests)
D′
(mm)
Deflection of the structure for the calculated energy required
Ea
(J)
Strain energy absorbed at point when load is removed. Area contained within F-D curve
Ei
(J)
Strain energy absorbed. Area under F-D curve
E′i
(J)
Strain energy absorbed after additional loading following a crack or tear
E″i
(J)
Strain energy absorbed in overload test in the event of the load having been removed before starting this overload test. Area under F-D curve
Eil
(J)
Energy input to be absorbed during longitudinal loading
Eis
(J)
Energy input to be absorbed during side loading
F
(N)
Static load force
F′
(N)
Loading force for calculated energy required, corresponding to E′i
F-D
Force/deflection diagram
Fi
(N)
Force applied to rear hard fixture
Fmax
(N)
Maximum static load force occurring during loading, with the exception of the overload
Fv
(N)
Vertical crushing force
H
(mm)
Falling height of the pendulum block (dynamic tests)
H′
(mm)
Falling height of the pendulum block for additional test (dynamic tests)
I
(kg.m2)
Tractor reference moment of inertia about the centre line of the rear wheels, whatever the mass of these rear wheels may be
L
(mm)
Tractor reference wheelbase
M
(kg)
Tractor reference mass during strength tests, as defined in section 3.2.1.4 in Annex II
(*2) For extension tests to test reports that originally used seat reference point (SRP), the required measurements shall be made with reference to SRP instead of SIP and the use of SRP shall be clearly indicated (see Annex 1)."
(*3) Users are reminded that the seat index point is determined according to ISO 5353 and is a fixed point with respect to the tractor that does not move as the seat is adjusted away from the mid-position. For purposes of determining the clearance zone, the seat shall be placed in the rear and uppermost position.” ’
"
(*1) OECD standard code for the official testing of front mounted roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors."
(*2) For extension tests to test reports that originally used seat reference point (SRP), the required measurements shall be made with reference to SRP instead of SIP and the use of SRP shall be clearly indicated (see Annex 1)."
(*3) Users are reminded that the seat index point is determined according to ISO 5353 and is a fixed point with respect to the tractor that does not move as the seat is adjusted away from the mid-position. For purposes of determining the clearance zone, the seat shall be placed in the rear and uppermost position.” ’
"
2.
Annex II is replaced by the following text:
‘ANNEX II
Technical requirements
The technical requirements for the EC type-approval of roll-over protection structures mounted in front of the driver’s seat on narrow-track wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors shall be those set out in point 3 of Code 6 (*4) of the OECD Decision C(2008) 128 of October 2008, with the exception of points 3.2.4 (Test report), 3.4.1 (Administrative extension), 3.5 (Labelling) and 3.7 (Seat belt anchorage performance), reading as follows:
“3. RULES AND DIRECTIONS
3.1 Prior conditions for the strength tests
3.1.1 Completion of two preliminary tests
The protective structure may only be subjected to the strength tests if both the Lateral Stability Test and the Non-Continuous Rolling Test have been satisfactorily completed (see flow diagram as Figure 6.3).
3.1.2 Preparation for the preliminary tests
3.1.2.1
The tractor must be equipped with the protective structure in its safety position.
3.1.2.2
The tractor must be fitted with tyres having the greatest diameter indicated by the manufacturer and the smallest cross-section for tyres of that diameter. The tyres must not be liquid-ballasted and must be inflated to the pressure recommended for field work.
3.1.2.3
The rear wheels must be set to the narrowest track width; the front wheels must be set as closely as possible to the same track width. If it is possible to have two front track settings which differ equally from the narrowest rear track setting, the wider of these two front track settings must be selected.
3.1.2.4
All the tractor’s tanks must be filled or the liquids must be replaced by an equivalent mass in the corresponding position.
3.1.2.5
All attachments used in the series production shall be fixed to the tractor in the normal position.
3.1.3 Lateral stability test
3.1.3.1
The tractor, prepared as specified above, is placed on a horizontal plane so that the tractor front-axle pivot point or, in the case of an articulated tractor, the horizontal pivot point between the two axles can move freely.
3.1.3.2
Using a jack or a hoist, tilt the part of the tractor which is rigidly connected to the axle that bears more than 50 percent of the tractor’s weight, while constantly measuring the angle of inclination. This angle must be at least 38° at the moment when the tractor is resting in a state of unstable equilibrium on the wheels touching the ground. Perform the test once with the steering wheel turned to full right lock and once with the steering wheel turned to full left lock.
3.1.4 Non-continuous rolling test
3.1.4.1 General remarks
This test is intended to check whether a structure fitted to the tractor for the protection of the driver can satisfactorily prevent continuous roll-over of the tractor in the event of its overturning laterally on a slope with a gradient of 1 in 1,5 (Figure 6.4).
Evidence of non-continuous rolling can be provided in accordance with one of the two methods described in 3.1.4.2 and 3.1.4.3.
3.1.4.2 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by means of the overturning test
3.1.4.2.1
The overturning test must be carried out on a test slope at least four metres long (see Figure 6.4). The surface must be covered with an 18-cm layer of a material that, as measured in accordance with Standards ASAE S313.3 FEB1999 and ASAE EP542 FEB1999 relating to soil cone penetrometer, has a cone penetration index of:
A = 235 ± 20
or
B = 335 ± 20
3.1.4.2.2
The tractor (prepared as described in paragraph 3.1.2) is tilted laterally with zero initial speed. For this purpose, it is placed at the start of the test slope in such a way that the wheels on the downhill side rest on the slope and the tractor’s median plane is parallel with the contour lines. After striking the surface of the test slope, the tractor may lift itself from the surface by pivoting about the upper corner of the protective structure, but it must not roll over. It must fall back on the side which it first struck.
3.1.4.3 Demonstration of non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation
3.1.4.3.1
For the purpose of verifying non-continuous rolling behaviour by calculation, the following characteristic tractor data must be ascertained (see Figure 6.5):
B0
(m)
Rear tyre width
B6
(m)
Width of protective structure between the right and left points of impact
B7
(m)
Width of engine bonnet
D0
(rad)
Front-axle swing angle from zero position to end of travel
D2
(m)
Height of front tyres under full axle load
D3
(m)
Height of rear tyres under full axle load
H0
(m)
Height of the front-axle pivot point
H1
(m)
Height of centre of gravity
H6
(m)
Height at the point of impact
H7
(m)
Height of engine bonnet
L2
(m)
Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and front axle
L3
(m)
Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and rear axle
L6
(m)
Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the leading point of intersection of the protective structure (to be preceded by a minus sign if this point lies in front of the plane of the centre of gravity)
L7
(m)
Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front corner of the engine bonnet
Mc
(kg)
Tractor mass used for calculation
Q
(kgm2)
Moment of inertia about the longitudinal axis through the centre of gravity
S
(m)
Rear track width
The sum of the track (S) and tyre (B0) widths must be greater than the width B6 of the protective structure.
3.1.4.3.2
For the purposes of calculation, the following simplifying assumptions can be made:
3.1.4.3.2.1
the stationary tractor overturns on a slope with a 1/1,5 gradient with a balanced front axle, as soon as the centre of gravity is vertically above the axis of rotation;
3.1.4.3.2.2
the axis of rotation is parallel to the tractor’s longitudinal axis and passes through the centre of the contact surfaces of the downhill front and rear wheel;
3.1.4.3.2.3
the tractor does not slide downhill;
3.1.4.3.2.4
impact on the slope is partly elastic, with a coefficient of elasticity of:
U = 0,2
3.1.4.3.2.5
the depth of penetration into the slope and the deformation of the protective structure together amount to:
T = 0,2 m
3.1.4.3.2.6
no other components of the tractor penetrate into the slope.
3.1.4.3.3
The computer programme (BASIC (*5)) for determining the continuous or interrupted roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning narrow-track tractor with a front-mounted roll-over protective structure is part of the present Code, with examples 6.1 to 6.11.
3.1.5 Measurement methods
3.1.5.1 Horizontal distances between the centre of gravity and rear (L3) or front (L2) axles
The distance between the rear and front axles on both sides of the tractor shall be measured in order to verify there is no steering angle.
The distances between the centre of gravity and the rear axle (L3) or the front axle (L2) shall be calculated from the mass distribution of the tractor between the rear and the front wheels.
3.1.5.2 Heights of rear (D3) and front (D2) tyres
The distance from the highest point of the tyre to the ground plane shall be measured (Figure 6.5), and the same method shall be used for the front and rear tyres.
3.1.5.3 Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the leading point of intersection of the protective structure (L6)
The distance between the centre of gravity and the leading point of intersection of the protective structure shall be measured (Figures 6.6.a, 6.6.b and 6.6.c). If the protective structure is in front of the plane of the centre of gravity, the recorded measure will be preceded by a minus sign (–L6).
3.1.5.4 Width of the protective structure (B6)
The distance between the right and left points of impact of the two vertical posts of the structure shall be measured.
The point of impact is defined by the plane tangent to the protective structure passing through the line made by the top outer points of the front and rear tyres (Figure 6.7).
3.1.5.5 Height of the protective structure (H6)
The vertical distance from the point of impact of the structure to the ground plane shall be measured.
3.1.5.6 Height of the engine bonnet (H7)
The vertical distance from the point of impact of the engine bonnet to the ground plane shall be measured.
The point of impact is defined by the plane tangent to the engine bonnet and the protective structure passing through the top outer points of the front tyre (Figure 6.7). The measurement shall be made on both sides of the engine bonnet.
3.1.5.7 Width of the engine bonnet (B7)
The distance between the two points of impact of the engine bonnet as defined previously shall be measured.
3.1.5.8 Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the front corner of the engine bonnet (L7)
The distance from the point of impact of the engine bonnet, as defined previously, to the centre of gravity shall be measured.
3.1.5.9 Height of the front-axle pivot point (H0)
The vertical distance between the centre of the front-axle pivot point to the centre of axle of the front tyres (H01) shall be included in the manufacturer’s technical report and shall be checked.
The vertical distance from the centre of the front tyres axle to the ground plane (H02) shall be measured (Figure 6.8).
The height of the front-axle pivot (H0) is the sum of both previous values.
3.1.5.10 Rear track width (S)
The minimum rear track width fitted with tyres of the largest size, as specified by the manufacturer, shall be measured (Figure 6.9).
3.1.5.11 Rear tyre width (B0)
The distance between the outer and the inner vertical planes of a rear tyre in its upper part shall be measured (Figure 6.9).
3.1.5.12 Front axle swinging angle (D0)
The largest angle defined by the swinging of the front axle from the horizontal position to the maximum deflection shall be measured on both sides of the axle, taking into account any end-stroke shock absorber. The maximum angle measured shall be used.
3.1.5.13 Tractor Mass (M)
The tractor mass shall be determined according to the conditions specified in paragraph 3.2.1.4.
3.2 Conditions for testing the strength of protective structures and of their attachment to tractors
3.2.1 General requirements
3.2.1.1 Test purposes
Tests made using special rigs are intended to simulate such loads as are imposed on a protective structure, when the tractor overturns. These tests enable observations to be made on the strength of the protective structure and any brackets attaching it to the tractor and any parts of the tractor which transmit the test load.
3.2.1.2 Test methods
Tests may be performed in accordance with the dynamic procedure or the static procedure. The two methods are deemed equivalent.
3.2.1.3 General rules governing preparation for tests
3.2.1.3.1
The protective structure must conform to the series production specifications. It shall be attached in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended method to one of the tractors for which it is designed.
Note: A complete tractor is not required for the static strength test; however, the protective structure and parts of the tractor to which it is attached represent an operating installation, hereinafter referred to as ‘the assembly’.
3.2.1.3.2
For both the static test and the dynamic test the tractor as assembled (or the assembly) must be fitted with all series production components which may affect the strength of the protective structure or which may be necessary for the strength test.
Components which may create a hazard in the clearance zone must also be fitted on the tractor (or the assembly) so that they may be examined to see whether the requirements of the Acceptance Conditions in 3.2.3 have been fulfilled.
All components of the tractor or the protective structure including weather protective must be supplied or described on drawings.
3.2.1.3.3
For the strength tests, all panels and detachable non-structural components must be removed so that they may not contribute to the strengthening of the protective structure.
3.2.1.3.4
The track width must be adjusted so that the protective structure will, as far as possible, not be supported by the tyres during the strength tests. If these tests are conducted in accordance with the static procedure, the wheels may be removed.
3.2.1.4 Tractor reference mass during strength tests
The reference mass M, used in the formulae to calculate the height of the fall of the pendulum block, the loading energies and the crushing forces, must be at least the mass of the tractor, excluding optional accessories but including coolant, oils, fuel, tools plus the protective structure. Not included are optional front or rear weights, tyre ballast, mounted implements, mounted equipment or any specialised components.
3.2.2 Tests
3.2.2.1 Sequence of tests
The sequence of tests, without prejudice to the additional tests mentioned in sections 3.3.1.1.6, 3.3.1.1.7, 3.3.2.1.6 and 3.3.2.1.7, is as follows:
1.
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the rear of the structure
(see 3.3.1.1.1 and 3.3.2.1.1);
2.
rear crushing test (dynamic or static test)
(see 3.3.1.1.4 and 3.3.2.1.4);
3.
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the front of the structure
(see 3.3.1.1.2 and 3.3.2.1.2);
4.
impact (dynamic test) or loading (static test) at the side of the structure
(see 3.3.1.1.3 and 3.3.2.1.3);
5.
crushing at the front of the structure (dynamic or static test)
(see 3.3.1.1.5 and 3.3.2.1.5).
3.2.2.2 General requirements
3.2.2.2.1
If, during the test, any part of the tractor restraining equipment breaks or moves, the test shall be restarted.
3.2.2.2.2
No repairs or adjustments of the tractor or protective structure may be carried out during the tests.
3.2.2.2.3
The tractor gear box shall be in neutral and the brakes off during the tests.
3.2.2.2.4
If the tractor is fitted with a suspension system between the tractor body and the wheels, it shall be blocked during the tests.
3.2.2.2.5
The side chosen for application of the first impact (dynamic test) or the first load (static test) on the rear of the structure shall be that which, in the opinion of the testing authorities, will result in the application of the series of impacts or loads under the most unfavourable conditions for the structure. The lateral impact or load and the rear impact or load shall be applied on both sides of the longitudinal median plane of the protective structure. The front impact or load shall be applied on the same side of the longitudinal median plane of the protective structure as the lateral impact or load.
3.2.3 Acceptance conditions
3.2.3.1
A protective structure is regarded as having satisfied the strength requirements if it fulfils the following conditions:
3.2.3.1.1
after each part-test it must be free from cracks or tears within the meaning of 3.3.1.2.1 or 3.2.3.1.2. If, during one of the tests, significant cracks or tears appear, an additional test, in accordance with dynamic tests or static tests, must be applied immediately after the impact or the crushing which caused cracks or tears to appear;
3.2.3.1.2
during the tests other than the overload test, no part of the protective structure must enter the clearance zone as defined in 1.6 in Annex I;
3.2.3.1.3
during the tests other than the overload test, all parts of the clearance zone shall be secured by the structure, in accordance with 3.3.1.2.2 and 3.3.2.2.2;
3.2.3.1.4
during the tests the protective structure must not impose any constraints on the seat structure;
3.2.3.1.5
the elastic deflection, measured in accordance with 3.3.1.2.3 and 3.3.2.2.3 shall be less than 250 mm.
3.2.3.2
There shall be no accessories presenting a hazard for the driver. There shall be no projecting part or accessory which is liable to injure the driver should the tractor overturn, or any accessory or part which is liable to trap him – for example by the leg or the foot – as a result of the deflections of the structure.
3.2.4 [not applicable]
3.2.5 Apparatus and equipment for dynamic tests
3.2.5.1 Pendulum block
3.2.5.1.1
A block acting as a pendulum must be suspended by two chains or wire ropes from pivot points not less than 6 m above the ground. Means must be provided for adjusting independently the suspended height of the block and the angle between the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes.
3.2.5.1.2
The mass of the pendulum block must be 2 000 ± 20 kg excluding the mass of the chains or wire ropes which themselves must not exceed 100 kg. The length of the sides of the impact face must be 680 ± 20 mm (see Figure 6.10). The block must be filled in such a way that the position of its centre of gravity is constant and coincides with the geometrical centre of the parallelepiped.
3.2.5.1.3
The parallelepiped must be connected to the system which pulls it backwards by an instantaneous release mechanism which is so designed and located as to enable the pendulum block to be released without causing the parallelepiped to oscillate about its horizontal axis perpendicular to the pendulum’s plane of oscillation.
3.2.5.2 Pendulum supports
The pendulum pivot points must be rigidly fixed so that their displacement in any direction does not exceed 1 per cent of the height of fall.
3.2.5.3 Lashings
3.2.5.3.1
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for lashing the tractor in all the cases illustrated (see Figures 6.11, 6.12 and 6.13) must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base beneath the pendulum.
3.2.5.3.2
The tractor shall be lashed to the rails by means of wire rope with round strand, fibre core, construction 6 × 19 in accordance with ISO 2408:2004 and a nominal diameter of 13 mm. The metal strands must have an ultimate tensile strength of 1 770 MPa.
3.2.5.3.3
The central pivot of an articulated tractor shall be supported and lashed down as appropriate for all tests. For the lateral impact test, the pivot shall also be propped from the side opposite the impact. The front and rear wheels need not be in line if this facilitates the attachment of the wire ropes in the appropriate manner.
3.2.5.4 Wheel prop and beam
3.2.5.4.1
A softwood beam of 150 mm square shall be used as a prop for the wheels during the impact tests (see Figures 6.11, 6.12 and 6.13).
3.2.5.4.2
During the lateral impact tests, a softwood beam shall be clamped to the floor to brace the rim of the wheel opposite the side of impact (see Figure 6.13).
3.2.5.5 Props and lashings for articulated tractors
3.2.5.5.1
Additional props and lashings must be used for articulated tractors. Their purpose is to ensure that the section of the tractor on which the protective structure is fitted is as rigid as that of a non-articulated tractor.
3.2.5.5.2
Additional specific details are given in the section 3.3.1.1 for the impact and crushing tests.
3.2.5.6 Tyre pressures and deflections
3.2.5.6.1
The tractor tyres shall not be liquid-ballasted and shall be inflated to the pressures prescribed by the tractor manufacturer for field work.
3.2.5.6.2
The lashings shall be tensioned in each particular case such that the tyres undergo a deflection equal to 12 per cent of the tyre wall height (distance between the ground and the lowest point of the rim) before tensioning.
3.2.5.7 Crushing rig
A rig as shown in Figure 6.14 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands shall be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
3.2.5.8 Measuring apparatus
The following measuring apparatus is needed:
3.2.5.8.1
device for measuring the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection, (see Figure 6.15).
3.2.5.8.2
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure’s protective during the test (see section 3.3.2.2.2).
3.2.6 Apparatus and equipment for static tests
3.2.6.1 Static testing rig
3.2.6.1.1
The static testing rig must be designed in such a way as to permit thrusts or loads to be applied to the protective structure.
3.2.6.1.2
Provision must be made so that the load can be uniformly distributed normal to the direction of loading and along a flange having a length of one of the exact multiples of 50 between 250 and 700 mm. The stiff beam shall have a vertical face dimension of 150 mm. The edges of the beam in contact with the protective structure shall be curved with a maximum radius of 50 mm.
3.2.6.1.3
The pad shall be capable of being adjusted to any angle in relation to the load direction, in order to be able to follow the angular variations of the structure’s load-bearing surface as the structure deflects.
3.2.6.1.4
Direction of the force (deviation from horizontal and vertical):
—
at start of test, under zero load: ± 2°,
—
during test, under load: 10° above and 20° below the horizontal. These variations must be kept to a minimum.
3.2.6.1.5
The deflection rate shall be sufficiently slow, less than 5 mm/s so that the load may at all moments be considered as static.
3.2.6.2 Apparatus for measuring the energy absorbed by the structure
3.2.6.2.1
The force versus deflection curve shall be plotted in order to determine the energy absorbed by the structure. There is no need to measure the force and deflection at the point where the load is applied to the structure; however, force and deflection shall be measured simultaneously and co-linearly.
3.2.6.2.2
The point of origin of deflection measurements shall be selected so as to take account only of the energy absorbed by the structure and/or by the deflection of certain parts of the tractor. The energy absorbed by the deflection and/or the slipping of the anchoring must be ignored.
3.2.6.3 Means of anchoring the tractor to the ground
3.2.6.3.1
Anchoring rails with the requisite track width and covering the necessary area for anchoring the tractor in all the cases illustrated must be rigidly attached to a non-yielding base near the testing rig.
3.2.6.3.2
The tractor must be anchored to the rails by any suitable means (plates, wedges, wire ropes, jacks, etc.) so that it cannot move during the tests. This requirement shall be checked during the test, by means of the usual devices for measuring length.
If the tractor moves, the entire test shall be repeated, unless the system for measuring the deflections taken into account for plotting the force versus deflection curve is connected to the tractor.
3.2.6.4 Crushing rig
A rig as shown in Figure 6.14 shall be capable of exerting a downward force on a protective structure through a rigid beam approximately 250 mm wide, connected to the load-applying mechanism by means of universal joints. Suitable axle stands must be provided so that the tractor tyres do not bear the crushing force.
3.2.6.5 Other measuring apparatus
The following measuring devices are also needed:
3.2.6.5.1
device for measuring the elastic deflection (the difference between the maximum momentary deflection and the permanent deflection, (see Figure 6.15).
3.2.6.5.2
device for checking that the protective structure has not entered the clearance zone and that the latter has remained within the structure’s protective during the test (section 3.3.2.2.2).
3.3 Test procedures
3.3.1 Dynamic tests
3.3.1.1 Impact and crushing tests
3.3.1.1.1 Impact at the rear
3.3.1.1.1.1
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with the vertical plane A equal to M/100 with a 20° maximum, unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms a greater angle to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at the angle defined above.
The suspended height of the block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plan parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.3.1.1.1.2
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 6.11. The spacing between the front and rear lashing points must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The rear lashings must in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in 3.2.5.6.2. With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed in front of and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
3.3.1.1.1.3
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
3.3.1.1.1.4
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = 25 + 0,07 M
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg;
H = 125 + 0,02 M
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.3.1.1.1.5
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the same formulae shall apply.
3.3.1.1.2 Impact at the front
3.3.1.1.2.1
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle with the vertical plane A equal to M/100 with a 20° maximum, unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms a greater angle to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at the angle defined above.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and the necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
The point of impact is that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of the block is 1/6 of the width of the top of the protective structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the protective structure.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the impact to be applied thereon must be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.3.1.1.2.2
The tractor must be lashed to the ground by means of four wire ropes, one at each end of both axles, arranged as indicated in Figure 6.12. The spacing between the front and rear lashing points must be such that the wire ropes make an angle of less than 30° with the ground. The rear lashings shall in addition be so arranged that the point of convergence of the two wire ropes is located in the vertical plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum block travels.
The wire ropes must be tensioned so that the tyres undergo the deflections given in 3.2.5.6.2. With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed behind and tight against the rear wheels and then fixed to the ground.
3.3.1.1.2.3
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall, in addition, be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and firmly lashed to the ground.
3.3.1.1.2.4
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = 25 + 0,07 M
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg.
H = 125 + 0,02 M
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.3.1.1.2.5
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the height shall be whichever is greater from the formula applied above and that selected below:
H = 2,165 × 10-8 M × L2
or
H = 5,73 × 10-2I
3.3.1.1.3 Impact from the side
3.3.1.1.3.1
The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the pendulum block that the block will strike the protective structure when the impact face of the block and the supporting chains or wire ropes are vertical unless, during deflection, the protective structure at the point of contact forms an angle of less than 20° to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the block shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protective structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining vertical on impact.
The suspended height of the pendulum block shall be adjusted and necessary steps taken so as to prevent the block from turning about the point of impact.
The point of impact shall be that part of the protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident.
3.3.1.1.3.2
The tractor wheels on the side which is to receive the impact must be lashed to the ground by means of wire ropes passing over the corresponding ends of the front and rear axles. The wire ropes must be tensioned to produce the tyre deflection values given in 3.2.5.6.2.
With the wire ropes tensioned, the wedging beam shall be placed on the ground, pushed tight against the tyres on the side opposite that which is to receive the impact and then fixed to the ground. It may be necessary to use two beams or wedges if the outer sides of the front and rear tyres are not in the same vertical plane. The prop shall then be placed as indicated in Figure 6.13 against the rim of the most heavily loaded wheel opposite to the point of impact, pushed firmly against the rim and then fixed at its base. The length of the prop shall be such that it makes an angle of 30 ± 3° with the ground when in position against the rim. In addition, its thickness shall, if possible, be between 20 and 25 times less than its length and between 2 and 3 times less than its width. The props shall be shaped at both ends as shown in the details on Figure 6.13.
3.3.1.1.3.3
If the tractor is of the articulated type, the point of articulation shall in addition be supported by a wooden block at least 100 mm square and laterally supported by a device similar to the prop pushed against the rear wheel as in 3.3.1.1.3.2. The point of articulation shall then be lashed firmly to the ground.
3.3.1.1.3.4
The pendulum block shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by one of the following two formulae, to be chosen according to the reference mass of the assembly subjected to the tests:
H = (25 + 0,20 M) (B6+B) / 2B
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg.
H = (125 + 0,15 M) (B6+B) / 2B
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
3.3.1.1.3.5
For reversible tractors, the height shall be whichever is greater of the results obtained from the formulae applicable above and below:
H = 25 + 0,2 M
for tractor with a reference mass of less than 2 000 kg.
H = 125 + 0,15 M
for tractor with a reference mass of more than 2 000 kg.
The pendulum block is then released and strikes the protective structure.
3.3.1.1.4 Crushing at the rear
The beam shall be positioned over the rear uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant of crushing forces shall be located in the tractor’s median plane. A force Fv shall be applied where:
Fv = 20 M
The force Fv shall be maintained for five seconds after cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.
Where the rear part of the protective structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the rear of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned.
The force shall then be removed, and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure which would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force Fv shall then be applied again.
3.3.1.1.5 Crushing at the front
The beam shall be positioned across the front uppermost structural member(s) and the resultant of crushing forces shall be located in the tractor’s median plane. A force Fv shall be applied where:
Fv = 20 M
The force Fv shall be maintained for five seconds after the cessation of any visually detectable movement of the protective structure.
Where the front part of the protective structure roof will not sustain the full crushing force, the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the protective structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor when overturned.
The force shall then be removed, and the crushing beam repositioned over that part of the protective structure which would support the tractor when completely overturned. The crushing force Fv shall then be applied again.
3.3.1.1.6 Additional impact tests
If cracks or tears which cannot be considered negligible appear during an impact test, a second, similar test, but with a height of fall of:
H′ = (H × 10-1) (12 + 4a) (1 + 2a)-1
shall be performed immediately after the impact tests causing these tears or cracks to appear, ‘a’ being the ratio of the permanent deformation (Dp) to the elastic deformation (De):
a = Dp / De
as measured at the point of impact. The additional permanent deformation due to the second impact shall not exceed 30 per cent of the permanent deformation due to the first impact.
In order to be able to carry out the additional test, it is necessary to measure the elastic deformation during all the impact tests.
3.3.1.1.7 Additional crushing tests
If during a crushing test, significant cracks or tears appear, a second, similar, crushing test, but with a force equal to 1,2 Fv shall be performed immediately after the crushing tests which caused these tears or cracks to appear.
3.3.1.2 Measurements to be made
3.3.1.2.1 Fractures and cracks
After each test all structural members, joints and fastening systems shall be visually examined for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored.
Any tears caused by the edges of the pendulum weight are to be ignored.
3.3.1.2.2 Clearance zone
3.3.1.2.2.1 Entry into the clearance zone
During each test the protective structure shall be examined to see whether any part of it has entered the clearance zone round the driving seat as defined in 1.6.
Furthermore, the clearance zone shall not be outside the protection of the protective structure. For this purpose, it shall be considered to be outside the protection of the structure if any part of it would come in contact with flat ground if the tractor overturned towards the direction from which the test load is applied. For estimating this, the front and rear tyres and track width setting shall be the smallest standard fitting specified by the manufacturer.
3.3.1.2.2.2 Rear hard fixture tests
If the tractor is fitted with a rigid section, a housing or other hard fixture placed behind the driver’s seat, this fixture shall be regarded as a protective point, in the event of sideways or rear overturning. This hard fixture placed behind the driver’s seat shall be capable of withstanding, without breaking or entering the clearance zone, a downward force Fi where:
Fi = 15 M
applied perpendicularly to the top of the frame in the central plane of the tractor. The initial angle of application of force shall be 40° calculated from a parallel to the ground as shown in Figure 6.16. The minimum width of this rigid section shall be 500 mm (see Figure 6.17).
In addition, it shall be sufficiently rigid and firmly attached to the rear of the tractor.
3.3.1.2.3 Elastic deflection (under side impact)
The elastic deflection is measured (810 + av) mm above the index point, in the vertical plane passing through the point of impact. For this measurement, apparatus similar to that illustrated in Figure 6.15 shall be used.
3.3.1.2.4 Permanent deflection
After the final crushing test, the permanent deflection of the protective structure shall be recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protective structure members in relation to the seat index point shall be used.
3.3.2 Static tests
3.3.2.1 Loading and crushing tests
3.3.2.1.1 Loading at the rear
3.3.2.1.1.1
The load shall be applied horizontally in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor’s median plane.
The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The vertical plane in which the load is applied shall be located at a distance of 1/3 of the external width of the upper part of the structure from the median plane.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied thereon shall be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.3.2.1.1.2
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3.2.6.3.
3.3.2.1.1.3
The energy absorbed by the protective structure during the test shall be at least:
Eil = 500 + 0,5 M
3.3.2.1.1.4
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the same formula shall apply.
3.3.2.1.2 Loading at the front
3.3.2.1.2.1
The load shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane parallel to the tractor’s median plane and located at a distance of 1/3 of the external width of the upper part of the structure.
The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protective structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturned sideways while travelling forward, normally the upper edge.
If the structure is curved or protruding at this point, wedges enabling the load to be applied thereon shall be added, without thereby reinforcing the structure.
3.3.2.1.2.2
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3.2.6.3.
3.3.2.1.2.3
The energy absorbed by the protective structure during the test shall be at least:
Eil = 500 + 0,5 M
3.3.2.1.2.4
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the energy shall be whichever is the higher of the above or either of the following as selected:
Eil = 2,165 × 10–7M × L2
or
Eil = 0,574 I
3.3.2.1.3 Loading from the side
3.3.2.1.3.1
The side loading shall be applied horizontally, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the tractor’s median plane. The load application point shall be that part of the roll-over protective structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge.
3.3.2.1.3.2
The assembly shall be lashed to the ground as described in 3.2.6.3.
3.3.2.1.3.3
The energy absorbed by the protective structure during the test shall be at least:
Eis = 1,75 M(B6+B) / 2B
3.3.2.1.3.4
For tractors with a reversible driver’s position (reversible seat and steering wheel), the energy shall be whichever is higher of the above or the following:
Eis = 1,75 M
3.3.2.1.4 Crushing at the rear
All provisions are identical to those given in 3.3.1.1.4.
3.3.2.1.5 Crushing at the front
All provisions are identical to those given in 3.3.1.1.5.
3.3.2.1.6 Additional overload test (Figures 6.18 to 6.20)
An overload test shall be carried out in all cases where the force decreases by more than 3 per cent during the last 5 per cent of the deflection reached when the energy required is absorbed by the structure (see Figure 6.19).
The overload test involves the gradual increase of the horizontal load by increments of 5 per cent of the initial energy requirement up to a maximum of 20 per cent of energy added (see Figure 6.20).
The overload test is satisfactory if, after each increase by 5, 10, or 15 per cent in the energy required, the force decreases by less than 3 per cent for a 5 per cent increment and remains greater than 0,8 Fmax.
The overload test is satisfactory if, after the structure has absorbed 20 per cent of the added energy, the force exceeds 0,8 Fmax.
Additional cracks or tears and/or entry into or lack of protective of the clearance zone due to elastic deflection are permitted during the overload test. However, after the removal of the load, the structure shall not enter the clearance zone, which shall be completely protected.
3.3.2.1.7 Additional crushing tests
If cracks or tears which cannot be considered as negligible appear during a crushing test, a second, similar crushing, but with a force of 1,2 Fv shall be applied immediately after the crushing test which caused the cracks or tears to appear.
3.3.2.2 Measurements to be made
3.3.2.2.1 Fractures and cracks
After each test all structural members, joints and attachment systems shall be visually examined for fractures or cracks, any small cracks in unimportant parts being ignored.
3.3.2.2.2 Clearance zone
3.3.2.2.2.1 Entry into the clearance zone
During each test the protective structure shall be examined to see whether any part of it has entered the clearance zone as defined in 1.6 in Annex I.
Furthermore, the clearance zone shall not be outside the protection of the protective structure. For this purpose, it shall be considered to be outside the protection of the structure if any part of it would come in contact with flat ground if the tractor overturned towards the direction from which the test load is applied. For estimating this, the front and rear tyres and track width setting shall be the smallest standard fitting specified by the manufacturer.
3.3.2.2.2.2 Rear hard fixture tests
If the tractor is fitted with a rigid section, a housing or other hard fixture placed behind the driver’s seat, this fixture shall be regarded as a protective point, in the event of sideways or rear overturning. This hard fixture placed behind the driver’s seat shall be capable of withstanding, without breaking or entering the clearance zone, a downward force Fi, where:
Fi = 15 M
applied perpendicularly to the top of the frame in the central plane of the tractor. The initial angle of application of force shall be 40° calculated from a parallel to the ground as shown in Figure 6.16. The minimum width of this rigid section shall be 500 mm (see Figure 6.17).
In addition, it shall be sufficiently rigid and firmly attached to the rear of the tractor.
3.3.2.2.3 Elastic deflection under side loading
The elastic deflection shall be measured (810+av) mm above the seat index point, in the vertical plane in which the load is applied. For this measurement, any apparatus similar to that illustrated in Figure 6.15 shall be used.
3.3.2.2.4 Permanent deflection
After the final crushing test the permanent deflection of the protective structure shall be recorded. For this purpose, before the start of the test, the position of the main roll-over protective structure members in relation to the seat index point shall be recorded.
3.4 Extension to other tractor models
3.4.1 [not applicable]
3.4.2 Technical extension
When technical modifications occur on the tractor, the protective structure or the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor, the testing station that has carried out the original test can issue a ‘technical extension report’ if the tractor and protective structure satisfied preliminary tests of lateral stability and non-continuous rolling as defined in 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 and if the rear hard fixture as described in paragraph 3.3.1.2.2.2, when fitted, has been tested in accordance with the procedure described in this paragraph (except 3.4.2.2.4) in the following cases:
3.4.2.1 Extension of the structural test results to other models of tractors
The impact or loading and crushing tests need not be carried out on each model of tractor, provided that the protective structure and tractor comply with the conditions referred to hereunder 3.4.2.1.1 to 3.4.2.1.5.
3.4.2.1.1
The structure (including rear hard fixture) shall be identical to the one tested;
3.4.2.1.2
The required energy shall not exceed the energy calculated for the original test by more than 5 per cent;
3.4.2.1.3
The method of attachment and the tractor components to which the attachment is made shall be identical;
3.4.2.1.4
Any components such as mudguards and bonnet that may provide support for the protective structure shall be identical;
3.4.2.1.5
The position and critical dimensions of the seat in the protective structure and the relative position of the protective structure on the tractor shall be such that the clearance zone would have remained within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests (this shall be checked by using the same reference of clearance zone as in the original test report, respectively Seat Reference Point [SRP] or Seat Index Point [SIP]).
3.4.2.2 Extension of the structural test results to modified models of the protective structure
This procedure has to be followed when the provisions of paragraph 3.4.2.1 are not fulfilled, it may not be used when the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor does not remain of the same principle (e.g. rubber supports replaced by a suspension device):
3.4.2.2.1
Modifications having no impact on the results of the initial test (e.g. weld attachment of the mounting plate of an accessory in a non-critical location on the structure), addition of seats with different SIP location in the protective structure (subject to checking that the new clearance zone(s) remain(s) within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all tests).
3.4.2.2.2
Modifications having a possible impact on the results of the original test without calling into question the acceptability of the protective structure (e.g. modification of a structural component, modification of the method of attachment of the protective structure to the tractor). A validation test can be carried out and the test results will be drafted in the extension report.
The following limits for this type extension are fixed:
3.4.2.2.2.1
no more than 5 extensions may be accepted without a validation test;
3.4.2.2.2.2
the results of the validation test will be accepted for extension if all the acceptance conditions of the Code are fulfilled and:
—
if the deflection measured after each impact test does not deviate from the deflection measured after each impact test in the original test report by more than ± 7 % (in the case of dynamic tests),
—
if the force measured when the required energy level has been reached in the various horizontal load tests does not deviate from the force measured when the required energy has been reached in the original test by more than ± 7 % and the deflection measured (*6) when the required energy level has been reached in the various horizontal load tests does not deviate from the deflection measured when the required energy has been reached in the original test report by more than ± 7 % (in the case of static tests).
3.4.2.2.2.3
more than one protective structure modifications may be included in a single extension report if the represent different options of the same protective structure, but only one validation test can be accepted in a single extension report. The options not tested shall be described in a specific section of the extension report.
3.4.2.2.3
Increase of the reference mass declared by the manufacturer for a protective structure already tested. If the manufacturer wants to keep the same approval number it is possible to issue an extension report after having carried out a validation test (the limits of ± 7 % specified in 3.4.2.2.2.2 are not applicable in such a case).
3.4.2.2.4
Modification of the rear hard fixture or addition of a new rear hard fixture. It has to be checked that the clearance zone remains within the protection of the deflected structure throughout all test taking into account the new or modified rear hard fixture. A validation of the rear hard fixture consisting in the test described in 3.3.1.2.2.2 or 3.3.2.2.2.2 has to be carried out and the test results will be drafted in the extension report.
3.5 [not applicable]
3.6 Cold weather performance of protective structures
3.6.1 If the protective structure is claimed to have properties resistant to cold weather embrittlement, the manufacturer shall give details that shall be included in the report.
3.6.2 The following requirements and procedures are intended to provide strength and resistance to brittle fracture at reduced temperatures. It is suggested that the following minimum material requirements shall be met in judging the protective structure’s suitability at reduced operating temperatures in those countries requiring this additional operating protection.
3.6.2.1
Bolts and nuts used to attach the protective structure to the tractor and used to connect structural parts of the protective structure shall exhibit suitable controlled reduced temperature toughness properties.
3.6.2.2
All welding electrodes used in the fabrication of structural members and mounts shall be compatible with the protective structure material as given in 3.6.2.3 below.
3.6.2.3
Steel materials for structural members of the protective structure shall be of controlled toughness material exhibiting minimum Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements as shown in Table 6.1. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995.
Steel with an as-rolled thickness less than 2,5 mm and with a carbon content less than 0,2 per cent is considered to meet this requirement.
Structural members of the protective structure made from materials other than steel shall have equivalent low temperature impact resistance.
3.6.2.4
When testing the Charpy V-Notch impact energy requirements, the specimen size shall be no less than the largest of the sizes stated in Table 6.1 that the material will permit.
3.6.2.5
The Charpy V-Notch tests shall be made in accordance with the procedure in ASTM A 370-1979, except for specimen sizes that shall be in accordance with the dimensions given in table 6.1.
3.6.2.6
Alternatives to this procedure are the use of killed or semi-killed steel for which an adequate specification shall be provided. Steel grade and quality shall be specified in accordance with ISO 630:1995, Amd 1:2003.
3.6.2.7
Specimens are to be longitudinal and taken from flat stock, tubular or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the protective structure. Specimens from tubular or structural sections are to be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension and shall not include welds.
Clearance zone for tractors with reversible seat and steering wheel
Figure 6.3
Flow diagram for determining the continuous roll-over behaviour of a laterally overturning tractor with a front mounted roll-over protective structure (ROPS)
Version B1:
Point of impact of ROPS behind longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
Version B2:
Point of impact of ROPS near longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
Version B3:
Point of impact of ROPS in front of longitudinally unstable equilibrium point
Data input
Calculation in accordance with version B2
Yes
Does the engine bonnet touch the ground before the impact of the ROPS?
No
Yes
Does the tractor roll?
No
Yes
No
Is the ROPS mounted behind the point of equilibrium?
Calculation in accordance with version B1
Calculation in accordance with version B3
Result;
Method not feasible
Yes
Does the tractor roll?
No
Yes
Does the tractor roll?
No
Result negative
Result negative
Result positive
Result negative
Result positive
Figure 6.4
Rig for testing anti-roll properties on 1/1,5 gradient
Figure 6.5
Data required for calculating the overturn of a tractor with triaxial rolling behaviour
Figures 6.6.a, 6.6.b, 6.6.c
Horizontal distance between the centre of gravity and the leading point of intersection of the protective structure (L6)
Figure 6.7
Determination of points of impact for measurement of width of protective structure (B6) and height of engine bonnet (H7)
(*4) OECD standard code for the official testing of front mounted roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors."
(*5) The programme and the examples are available on the OECD website."
(*6) Permanent + elastic deflection measured at the point when the required energy level is obtained.” ’
"
(*1) OECD standard code for the official testing of front mounted roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors.
(*2) For extension tests to test reports that originally used seat reference point (SRP), the required measurements shall be made with reference to SRP instead of SIP and the use of SRP shall be clearly indicated (see Annex 1).
(*3) Users are reminded that the seat index point is determined according to ISO 5353 and is a fixed point with respect to the tractor that does not move as the seat is adjusted away from the mid-position. For purposes of determining the clearance zone, the seat shall be placed in the rear and uppermost position.” ’
(*4) OECD standard code for the official testing of front mounted roll-over protective structures on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors.
(*5) The programme and the examples are available on the OECD website.
(*6) Permanent + elastic deflection measured at the point when the required energy level is obtained.” ’
’
(1) Indicates preferred size. Specimen size shall be no less than largest preferred size that the material permits.
(2) The energy requirement at – 20 °C is 2,5 times the value specified for – 30 °C. Other factors affect impact energy strength, i.e. direction of rolling, yield strength, grain orientation and welding. These factors shall be considered when selecting and using steel.
ANNEX V
Amendments to Directive 2000/25/EC
In Annex I, Appendix 4, point 1 Section 2 of Directive 2000/25/EC is replaced by the following:
‘Section 2
The number of the base Directive followed by a letter A for stage I, letter B for stage II, letter C for stage IIIA, letter D for stage IIIB and letter E for stage IV.’
ANNEX VI
Amendments to Directive 2003/37/EC
Directive 2003/37/EC is amended as follows:
1.
In Annex I, model A is amended as follows:
(a)
Point 2.4 is replaced by the following:
‘2.4.
Technically permissible towable mass(es) (according to type of coupling):
2.4.1.
Unbraked towable mass: …
2.4.2.
Independently braked towable mass: …
2.4.3.
Inertia-braked towable mass: …
2.4.4.
Towable mass when fitted with hydraulic or pneumatic braking: …
2.4.5.
Total technically permissible mass(es) of the tractor-trailer combination for each configuration of trailer braking: …
2.4.6.
Position of coupling point
2.4.6.1.
Height above ground
2.4.6.1.1.
Maximum height: …
2.4.6.1.2.
Minimum height: …
2.4.6.2.
Distance from the vertical plane passing through the axis of the rear axle
2.4.6.2.1.
Maximum: …
2.4.6.2.2.
Minimum: …
2.4.6.3.
Maximum static vertical load/technically permissible mass on the coupling point:
2.4.6.3.1.
—
of the tractor: …
2.4.6.3.2.
—
of the semi-trailer (interchangeable towed machinery) or the centre-axle trailer (interchangeable towed machinery): …’
(b)
Point 2.7.2 is replaced by the following:
‘2.7.2.
Overall dimensions of the tractor, including coupling unit:
2.7.2.1.
Length for on-road use (10):
maximum: …
minimum: …
2.7.2.2.
Width for on-road use (11):
maximum: …
minimum: …
2.7.2.3.
Height for on-road use (12):
maximum: …
minimum: …
2.7.2.4.
Forward overhang (13):
maximum: …
minimum: …
2.7.2.5.
Rear overhang (14):
maximum: …
minimum: …
2.7.2.6.
Ground clearance (15):
maximum: …
minimum: …’
2.
In Annex I, Model A, Footnote 15 shall read as follows: ‘Standard ISO 612/-6.8:1978’.
3.
In Annex II, Chapter B, Part II.C is amended as follows:
(a)
in the introductory phrase, the words ‘test bulletin’ are replaced by ‘test report’;
(concerns only the English version)
(b)
the footnote (*) is replaced by the following:
‘(*)
Test reports must be in conformity with OECD Council Decision C(2008) 128 of October 2008. The equivalence of the test reports can only be recognised for seat belt anchorages if these have been tested. The test reports in conformity with the Codes following OECD Council Decision C(2000) 59 as last amended by OECD Council Decision C(2005) 1 will remain valid. As from the date of transposition of this Directive, new test reports shall be based on the new version of the Codes.’.
